ArticleScience advances2019
Visualization of vermilion degradation using pump-probe microscopy.
Article in Science advances, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ultrafast energy transfer across Pd/MXene interface via hot phonon-electron interactions.Science advances · 2026Article
- Noninvasive identification of carbon-based black pigments with pump-probe microscopy.Science advances · 2024Article
- Nondestructive Nonlinear Optical Microscopy Revealed the Blackening Mechanism of Ancient Chinese Jades.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2023Article
- Degradation of CdS Yellow and Orange Pigments: A Preventive Characterization of the Process through Pump-Probe, Reflectance, X-ray Diffraction, and Raman Spectroscopy.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- A study of potential laser-induced degradation in remote standoff Raman spectroscopy for wall paintings.European physical journal plus · 2022Article
- Direct evidence for metallic mercury causing photo-induced darkening of red cinnabar tempera paints.Communications chemistry · 2021Article
- When Red Turns Black: Influence of the 79 AD Volcanic Eruption and Burial Environment on the Blackening/Darkening of Pompeian Cinnabar.Analytical chemistry · 2021Article
- Transient absorption microscopy: Technological innovations and applications in materials science and life science.The Journal of chemical physics · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate the use of pump-probe microscopy for high-resolution studies of vermilion degradation. Vermilion (mostly α-HgS), an important red pigment used in historical paintings, blackens over time, and metallic Hg and β-HgS have been implicated as possible degradation products. Conventional analysis techniques have trouble differentiating α- and β-HgS with sufficiently high spatial resolution. However, pump-probe microscopy can differentiate metallic mercury, α- and β-HgS, and map each distribution on the microscopic scale. We studied artificial degradation of α-HgS; femtosecond-pulsed laser irradiation induces an irreversible phase shift of α- to β-HgS, in which the initial presence of β-HgS grains can increase the rate of conversion in their vicinity. Continuous ultraviolet exposure instead generates both liquid Hg and β-HgS, with a conversion rate that increases with elevated temperatures. Last, we reveal the presence of β-HgS as a natural degradation product in discolored vermilion layers in a 14th century Italian painting.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.