Non-neural and cardiac differentiating properties of Tbx6-expressing mouse embryonic stem cells.

T-box transcription factors play important roles in vertebrate mesoderm formation. Eomesodermin is involved in the initial step of the prospective mesodermal cells recruited near the primitive streak. Then T or Brachyury gene is responsible for general and axial mesodermal development. Tbx6, on the other hand, promotes paraxial mesodermal development while suppressing neural differentiation. Here, we studied differentiative properties of mouse ES cells (mESCs) with its Tbx6 expression regulated under the Tet-off system. mESCs were treated with noggin to promote neural differentiation. When Tbx6 was simultaneously turned on, later neural differentiation of these cells hardly occurred. Next, mESCs were subjected to formation of the embryoid bodies (EBs). When Tbx6 was turned on during EB formation, the rate of later cardiac troponin T (cTnT)-positive cells increased. If the cells were further treated with a wnt inhibitor KY02111 after EB formation, a synergistic increase of cTnT-positive cells occurred. Tbx6 expression in mESCs influenced the constituent ratio of the cardiac myosin light chain types, such that atrial species markedly increased over ventricular ones. These results are coincident with the function of Tbx6 in normal development, in that Tbx6 strongly suppressed neural differentiation while promoting cardiac development in a cooperative manner with wnt inhibition.