ArticleFrontiers in immunology2019
Airway M Cells Arise in the Lower Airway Due to RANKL Signaling and Reside in the Bronchiolar Epithelium Associated With iBALT in Murine Models of Respiratory Disease.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- On or within: spatial determinants of antigen handling in the nasal turbinates.Current opinion in immunology · 2026Review
- RANKL-RANK signaling promotes cigarette smoke-induced emphysema with MMP-9 upregulation in alveolar macrophages.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Evidence for murine cutaneous immune surveillance localized to hair follicle epithelium.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue: a review of its development and function, including recent findings on the impact of environmental particulate exposure.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Single cell transcriptional analysis of human adenoids identifies molecular features of airway microfold cells.Mucosal immunology · 2025Article
- The intricate interplay among microbiota, mucosal immunity, and viral infection in the respiratory tract.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Mucosal Immunity: Lessons from the Lower Respiratory and Small Intestinal Epithelia.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Hypoxia-inducible factor 2 regulates alveolar regeneration after repetitive injury in three-dimensional cellular and in vivo models.Science translational medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- Airway Microfold Cells Emerge in the Post-Influenza Lung.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2024Article
- Unveiling an Important New Cell Type in the Lung: Microfold Cells.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2024Article
- Deciphering the M-cell niche: insights from mouse models on how microfold cells "know" where they are needed.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Editorial: Immunological consequences of antigen sampling at mucosal surfaces, volume II.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Single-Cell Transcriptomes, Lineage, and Differentiation of Functional Airway Microfold Cells.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2023Article
- Review
- Human Airway Epithelium Responses to Invasive Fungal Infections: A Critical Partner in Innate Immunity.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Immune Response to Biofilm Growing PulmonaryBiomedicines · 2022Review
- Advancing Lung Immunology Research: An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2022Article
- Cellular and functional heterogeneity of the airway epithelium.Mucosal immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Microfold (M) cells residing in the follicle-associated epithelium of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues are specialized for sampling luminal antigens to initiate mucosal immune responses. In the past decade, glycoprotein 2 (GP2) and Tnfaip2 were identified as reliable markers for M cells in the Peyer's patches of the intestine. Furthermore, RANKL-RANK signaling, as well as the canonical and non-canonical NFκB pathways downstream, is essential for M-cell differentiation from the intestinal stem cells. However, the molecular characterization and differentiation mechanisms of M cells in the lower respiratory tract, where organized lymphoid tissues exist rarely, remain to be fully elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to explore M cells in the lower respiratory tract in terms of their specific molecular markers, differentiation mechanism, and functions. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed a small number of M cells expressing GP2, Tnfaip2, and RANK is present in the lower respiratory tract of healthy mice. The intraperitoneal administration of RANKL in mice effectively induced M cells, which have a high capacity to take up luminal substrates, in the lower respiratory epithelium. The airway M cells associated with lymphoid follicles were frequently detected in the pathologically induced bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) in the murine models of autoimmune disease as well as pulmonary emphysema. These findings demonstrate that RANKL is a common inducer of M cells in the airway and digestive tracts and that M cells are associated with the respiratory disease. We also established a two-dimensional culture method for airway M cells from the tracheal epithelium in the presence of RANKL successfully. This model may be useful for functional studies of M cells in the sampling of antigens at airway mucosal surfaces.
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Registered trials
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