SynthesisJournal of the American Heart Association2019
Cumulative Meta-Analysis of the Soy Effect Over Time.
Synthesis in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Nordic dietary patterns and cardiometabolic outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and randomised controlled trials.Diabetologia · 2022Pooled it
- Diet and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Individuals with Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Cumulative Meta-Analysis of the Soy Effect Over Time.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2019Pooled it
- Effect of the Fermented Soy Q-CANNutrients · 2023Trial
- Soy protein supplementation in men following radical prostatectomy: a 2-year randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Trial
- A Non-Probiotic Fermented Soy Product Reduces Total and LDL Cholesterol: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- Beyond Mixed Utilization: Fractionation, Functional Divergence, and Precision Applications of Soybean 7S and 11S Globulins.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Review
- Perspective: Isoflavones-Intriguing Molecules but Much Remains to Be Learned about These Soybean Constituents.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Review
- Nutritional Quality, Safety and Environmental Benefits of Alternative Protein Sources-An Overview.Nutrients · 2025Review
- A Review of the Clinical and Epidemiologic Evidence Relevant to the Impact of Postdiagnosis Isoflavone Intake on Breast Cancer Outcomes.Current nutrition reports · 2025Review
- Nova fails to appreciate the value of plant-based meat and dairy alternatives in the diet.Journal of food science · 2025Review
- Mass Yields, Antioxidant and Anti-DU145 Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation Properties of ProSoy Soymilk as Affected by Extraction Methods and Cooking.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Health and functional advantages of cheese containing soy protein and soybean-derived casein.Frontiers in plant science · 2024Review
- Supplements for Lipid Lowering: What Does the Evidence Show?Current cardiology reports · 2023Review
- Article
- Perspective: Plant-Based Meat Alternatives Can Help Facilitate and Maintain a Lower Animal to Plant Protein Intake Ratio.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Article
- Review
- The health effects of soy: A reference guide for health professionals.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Review
- Flavonoid consumption and cardiometabolic health: Potential benefits due to foods, supplements, or biomarkers?The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background Soy protein foods have attracted attention as useful plant protein foods with mild cholesterol-lowering effects that are suitable for inclusion in therapeutic diets. But on the basis of the lack of consistency in significant cholesterol reduction by soy in 46 randomized controlled trials, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is reassessing whether the 1999 heart health claim for soy protein should be revoked. Methods and Results We have, therefore, performed a cumulative meta-analysis on the 46 soy trials identified by the FDA to determine if at any time, since the 1999 FDA final rule that established the soy heart health claim, the soy effect on serum cholesterol lost significance. The cumulative meta-analysis for both total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol demonstrated preservation of the small, but significant, reductions seen both before and during the subsequent 14 years since the health claim was originally approved. For low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, the mean reduction in 1999 was -6.3 mg/dL (95% CI, -8.7 to -3.9 mg/dL; P=0.00001) and remained in the range of -4.2 to -6.7 mg/dL ( P=0.0006 to P=0.0002, respectively) in the years after 1999. At no time point did the total cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reductions lose significance or were the differences at individual time points in the cumulative meta-analysis significantly different from those seen in 1999 when the health claim was approved. Conclusions A cumulative meta-analysis of the data selected by the FDA indicates continued significance of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction after soy consumption and supports the rationale behind the original soy FDA heart health claim.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.