ReviewNeurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics2019
Autoimmune Epilepsy.
Review in Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07474285 (Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Cenobamate in Individuals With Autoimmune Epilepsy), which is not on this map. Cited by 70 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Cenobamate in Individuals With Autoimmune Epilepsy: a Real-world Study
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- The use of steroids in adult epilepsy: A systematic review.Epilepsia open · 2025Pooled it
- BrainEuropean journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2021Pooled it
- Peripheral Inflammatory Biomarkers in Chronic Autoimmune-Associated Epilepsy: An Exploratory Case-Control Study.Biomolecules · 2026Observational
- Frequency of anti-neural antibodies and autoimmune epilepsy in focal epilepsy of unknown etiology: An observational study in a Singaporean cohort.Epilepsia open · 2026Article
- Prevalence and clinical correlates of autoimmune and infection-related antibodies in unexplained seizures in western China.BMC immunology · 2026Article
- Neuroimmunology of Epilepsy: Mechanisms, Treatments, and Clinical Insights.Epilepsy currents · 2026Article
- Review
- Autoimmune-associated epilepsy: definitions and diagnosis - a narrative review.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2026Review
- IgG Glycosylation Analysis in Patients with Ring14 Syndrome Unveils Novel Pathomechanisms and New Therapy Perspectives.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Duolingo-induced seizures in GAD65 IgG associated autoimmune epilepsy.Epilepsy & behavior reports · 2026Article
- Blockade of Interleukin-6 Receptor with Tocilizumab During the Acute Phase of Childhood Immune-Mediated Epilepsy can Lead to a Favorable Outcome - an Observational Study.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Observational
- Case Report: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated cortical encephalitis masked by peri-ictal magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Gastrodin Attenuates Neuroinflammation and Injury in Young Rats with LiCl/Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus.Biochemical genetics · 2025Article
- Neuroinflammation leads to pharmacoresistance in temporal lobe epilepsy via promoting spermine degradation.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2025Article
- GAD65-positive autoimmune-associated epilepsy presenting with Ictal Hand Kissing; an uncommon presentation of a rare disease.Epilepsy & behavior reports · 2025Article
- Epilepsy Care in the Real World of Multiple Medical Considerations.Epilepsy currents · 2025Review
- New-onset drug-resistant epilepsy in type 1 diabetes mellitus patient following COVID-19 vaccination: suspicious for autoimmune pathogenesis.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Enigmatic intractable Epilepsy patients have antibodies that bind glutamate receptor peptides, kill neurons, damage the brain, and cause Generalized Tonic Clonic Seizures.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Article
- Increased Immunoglobulin and Proteoglycan Synthesis in Resected Hippocampal Tissue Predicts Post-Surgical Seizure Recurrence in Human Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2025Article
- Prevalence of epilepsy: a population-based cohort study in Denmark with comparison to Global Burden of Disease (GBD) prevalence estimates.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2025Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The field of autoimmune epilepsy has evolved substantially in the last few decades with discovery of several neural autoantibodies and improved mechanistic understanding of these immune-mediated syndromes. A considerable proportion of patients with epilepsy of unknown etiology have been demonstrated to have an autoimmune cause. The majority of the patients with autoimmune epilepsy usually present with new-onset refractory seizures along with subacute progressive cognitive decline and behavioral or psychiatric dysfunction. Neural specific antibodies commonly associated with autoimmune epilepsy include leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 (LGI1), N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R), and glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) IgG. Diagnosis of these cases depends on the identification of the clinical syndrome and ancillary studies including autoantibody evaluation. Predictive models (Antibody Prevalence in Epilepsy and Encephalopathy [APE2] and Response to Immunotherapy in Epilepsy and Encephalopathy [RITE2] scores) based on clinical features and initial neurological assessment may be utilized for selection of cases for autoimmune epilepsy evaluation and management. In this article, we will review the recent advances in autoimmune epilepsy and provide diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms for epilepsies with suspected autoimmune etiology.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.