Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31240440›Full record

ArticleEuropean spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society2020

Morphological characteristics of the kangaroo lumbar intervertebral discs and comparison with other animal models used in spine research.

Uphar Chamoli, Jose Umali, Meike W A Kleuskens, Daniel Chepurin, Ashish D Diwan

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Article in European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
0.8field-weighted citation impact, top 28% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Uphar ChamoliSpine Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales Australia, Kogarah, Sydney, NSW, 2217, Australia. u.chamoli@unsw.edu.au.
Jose UmaliSpine Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales Australia, Kogarah, Sydney, NSW, 2217, Australia.
Meike W A KleuskensOrthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Daniel ChepurinSpine Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales Australia, Kogarah, Sydney, NSW, 2217, Australia.
Ashish D DiwanSpine Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales Australia, Kogarah, Sydney, NSW, 2217, Australia.
UNSW Sydney · AUEindhoven University of Technology · NLMonash Health · AUSutherland Hospital · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeAnimal models are frequently used to elucidate pathomechanism and pathophysiology of various disorders of the human intervertebral disc (IVD) and also to develop therapeutic approaches. Here we report morphological characteristics of the kangaroo lumbar IVDs and compare them with other animal models used in spine research.

methodsTwenty-five fresh-frozen cadaveric lumbar spines (T12-S1) derived from kangaroo carcases (Macropus giganteus) of undetermined age were first scanned in a C-Arm X-ray machine. A photograph of the axial section of the disc including a calibrated metric scale was also acquired. The digital radiographs and photographs were processed in ImageJ to determine the axial and sagittal plane dimensions for the whole disc (WD) and the nucleus pulposus (NP) and the mid-sagittal disc height for all the lumbar levels.

resultsOur results suggest that the L6-S1 IVD in kangaroos is distinctly large compared with the upper lumbar IVDs. Based on previously published data, human lumbar IVDs are the largest of all the animal IVDs used in spine research, with camelid cervical IVDs being the closest relative in absolute dimensions (llamas: 78% in disc height, 40% in WD volume, and 38% in NP volume). Kangaroo L6-S1 IVD was approximately 51% in height, 20% in WD volume, and 20% in NP volume of the human lumbar IVD.

conclusionsWe conclude that morphological similarities exist between a kangaroo and human lumbar IVD, especially with the lima bean shape in the axial plane, wedge shape in the sagittal plane, convexity at the cephalad endplates, and percentage volume occupied by the NP in the IVD. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.

Indexed as

Intervertebral DiscIntervertebral Disc DegenerationAnimalsLumbar VertebraeMacropodidaeModels, AnimalAnimal modelsComparative anatomyIntervertebral disc morphologyKangaroosLumbar spine

Identifiers

PMID31240440
OpenAlexW2954603565

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.