Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31240395›Full record

ReviewPediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)2020

Assessing bone mineralisation in children with chronic kidney disease: what clinical and research tools are available?

A D Lalayiannis, N J Crabtree, M Fewtrell, L Biassoni, D V Milford, C J Ferro, R Shroff

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
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  13. Pediatric CKD-MBD: existing and emerging treatment approaches.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

A D LalayiannisNephrology Department Great Ormond St. Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust and University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK. alex.lalayiannis@nhs.net.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5387-3743
N J CrabtreeBirmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
M FewtrellNephrology Department Great Ormond St. Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust and University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
L BiassoniNephrology Department Great Ormond St. Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust and University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
D V MilfordBirmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
C J FerroUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
R ShroffNephrology Department Great Ormond St. Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust and University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK.

Funding

Department of Health CDF-2016-09-038
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mineral and bone disorder in chronic kidney disease (CKD-MBD) is a triad of biochemical imbalances of calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone and vitamin D, bone abnormalities and soft tissue calcification. Maintaining optimal bone health in children with CKD is important to prevent long-term complications, such as fractures, to optimise growth and possibly also to prevent extra-osseous calcification, especially vascular calcification. In this review, we discuss normal bone mineralisation, the pathophysiology of dysregulated homeostasis leading to mineralisation defects in CKD and its clinical consequences. Bone mineralisation is best assessed on bone histology and histomorphometry, but given the rarity with which this is performed, we present an overview of the tools available to clinicians to assess bone mineral density, including serum biomarkers and imaging such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography. We discuss key studies that have used these techniques, their advantages and disadvantages in childhood CKD and their relationship to biomarkers and bone histomorphometry. Finally, we present recommendations from relevant guidelines-Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes and the International Society of Clinical Densitometry-on the use of imaging, biomarkers and bone biopsy in assessing bone mineral density. Given low-level evidence from most paediatric studies, bone imaging and histology remain largely research tools, and current clinical management is guided by serum calcium, phosphate, PTH, vitamin D and alkaline phosphatase levels only.

Indexed as

Bone DensityCalcification, PhysiologicAbsorptiometry, PhotonAdolescentBiomarkersBone and BonesBone ResorptionCalciumChildFemaleHumansMalePhosphatesRenal Insufficiency, ChronicTomography, X-Ray ComputedVitamin DBiomarkersCalciumPhosphatesVitamin DBone biopsyBone mineralisationChronic kidney disease (CKD)Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)Peripheral quantitative CT (pQCT)

Identifiers

PMID31240395
PMCPMC7184042

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.