ReviewBioMed research international2019
Toll-Like Receptors as Therapeutic Targets in Central Nervous System Tumors.
Review in BioMed research international, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Innate immune signaling and functions in astrocytes.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- Post-resection delivery of a TLR7/8 agonist from a biodegradable scaffold achieves immune-mediated glioblastoma clearance and protection against tumor challenge in mice.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Glioblastoma-associated macrophages in glioblastoma: from their function and mechanism to therapeutic advances.Cancer gene therapy · 2025Review
- Drug target therapy and emerging clinical relevance of exosomes in meningeal tumors.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2024Review
- Toll-like receptors in pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and their therapeutic potential.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Review
- TLR9 and Glioma: Friends or Foes?Cells · 2022Review
- Manipulating Macrophage/Microglia Polarization to Treat Glioblastoma or Multiple Sclerosis.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Immunotherapy for glioblastoma: the promise of combination strategies.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2022Review
- High expression of Toll-like receptor 7 is a survival factor in pediatric medulloblastoma.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2021Article
- Activation of Toll-like receptor 2 enhances peripheral and tumor-infiltrating CD8BMC immunology · 2021Article
- Microglial TLR9: Plausible Novel Target for Therapeutic Regime Against Glioblastoma Multiforme.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2021Review
- Review
- The Astrogenic Balance in the Aging Brain.Current neuropharmacology · 2021Review
- Bidirectional Relation Between Parkinson's Disease and Glioblastoma Multiforme.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In recent years, progress has been made in understanding the pathological, genetic, and molecular heterogeneity of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. However, improvements in risk classification, prognosis, and treatment have not been sufficient. Currently, great importance has been placed to the tumor microenvironment and the immune system, which are very important components that influence the establishment and development of tumors. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are innate immunite system sensors of a wide variety of molecules, such as those associated with microorganisms and danger signals. TLRs are expressed on many cells, including immune cells and nonimmune cells such as neurons and cancer cells. In the tumor microenvironment, activation of TLRs plays dual antitumoral (dendritic cells, cytotoxic T cells, and natural killer cells activation) and protumoral effects (tumor cell proliferation, survival, and resistance to chemotherapy) and constitutes an area of opportunities and challenges in the development of new therapeutic strategies. Several clinical trials have been carried out, and others are currently in process; however, the results obtained to date have been contradictory and have not led to a definitive position about the use of TLR agonists in adjuvant therapy during the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. In this review, we focus on recent advances in TLR agonists as immunotherapies for treatment of CNS tumors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.