ReviewAcademic forensic pathology2018
Investigation of Drowning Deaths: A Practical Review.
Review in Academic forensic pathology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of the Human Microbiome in Forensic Sciences: a Systematic Review.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2020Pooled it
- Immunohistochemical cerebral cortex expression of aquaporin 4, aquaporin 5, aquaporin 9 Vasopressin and GFAP in saltwater drowning and freshwater drowning.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- A Height-Normalised Revised Drowning Index for Thoracic Fluid Burden: Associations with Water Type, Sex, Toxicology and Postmortem Interval.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Postmortem submergence interval (PMSI) and human decomposition in anthropogenically constructed aqueous environments (pools, bathtubs, hot tubs, and spas).Journal of forensic sciences · 2026Article
- Two drowned cases demonstrating the deduced location of drowning site: hints from the utility of Sr levels in pleural fluids.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2026Article
- Drowning during methamphetamine intoxication precipitated by improper fluid administration: medico-legal case analysis.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2026Article
- Water-related fatalities in Salzburg and Upper Austria between 2015 and 2022 - a retrospective evaluation with a focus on the informative value of drowning signs.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- Lessons learned in a data linkage project on fatal drowning.Injury epidemiology · 2026Article
- Diatom Analysis in Drowning: A Critical Review of Reliability, Contamination, and Medico-Legal Interpretation.Cureus · 2026Review
- Evaluation of postmortem histopathological changes in dental pulp of rats after drowning in water.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2025Article
- Article
- Predictors of good prognosis for pediatric drowning patients.Clinical and experimental emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Development and Validation of a Bayesian Network Predicting Intubation Following Hospital Arrival Among Injured Children.Journal of pediatric surgery · 2025Article
- Drowning incidents precipitated by unusual causes (DIPUCs): A narrative review of their diagnoses, evaluation and management.Resuscitation plus · 2024Review
- Post Mortem Molecular Biomarkers of Asphyxia: A Literature Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Forensic Diatom Analysis: Where Do We Stand and What Are the Latest Diagnostic Advances?Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Identification of different blood concentration of domestic cat (Open veterinary journal · 2024Article
- "Not everything that can be counted counts" in ethanol toxicological results: an antemortem and postmortem technical interpretation focusing on driving under the influence.Forensic sciences research · 2024Review
- The use of dive computers in forensic investigations of fatal breath-hold diving accidents: a case study.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2024Article
- Applicable Forensic Biomarker for Drowning Diagnosis: Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 2 (ERK2).International journal of legal medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Drowning, which typically involves a watery environment, remains a serious public health concern claiming an estimated 362 000 lives per year worldwide across all socioeconomic classifications and has remained under close observation by the World Health Organization and its signatories. A significant number of water-related deaths are attributed to accidental drowning, while a smaller but still significant number represent suicidal or homicidal drowning. Others involve a combination of drowning precipitated by injury, intoxication, or environmental extremes. Still others involve victims that die from injury, intoxication, or a natural disease entity of such significance as to preclude the drowning process, while near or in water. While there may be an initial presumption that all water-related deaths are accidental drownings, other possibilities must be considered in the investigation of these types of deaths, as drowning as a cause of death is a diagnosis based on the exclusion of other potential causes. The coordinated investigative efforts of multiple agencies and disciplines are required not only for the designation as drowning as the cause of death but also for death certification. The ongoing analysis and dissemination of data generated from all levels of investigation augment our understanding of the impact on public health and safety, guiding allocation of monetary and educational resources in an effort to prevent further mortality and disability.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.