ReviewAcademic forensic pathology2017
Emerging Synthetic Fentanyl Analogs.
Review in Academic forensic pathology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- An Epidemic of Complexity: Polysubstance Use Fatal Overdose Typologies Across Cook County, Illinois, Neighborhoods, 2017‒2022.American journal of public health · 2026Article
- Assessment of Test Strips for Detection of Fentanyl in Powders.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2026Article
- Complementary Separation of Novel Synthetic Opioids.Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · 2025Article
- Exposures to synthetic cathinones, fentanyl, and xylazine among nightclub attendees in New York City, 2024.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- High-throughput screening of fentanyl analogs.Talanta · 2025Article
- In vivo pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and brain concentration comparison of fentanyl and para-fluorofentanyl in rats.Archives of toxicology · 2025Article
- Adulterants present in the San Diego county fentanyl supply: a laboratory analysis of seized law enforcement samples.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Reports of Adverse Events Associated with Use of Novel Psychoactive Substances, 2017-2020: A Review.Journal of analytical toxicology · 2022Review
- A new quantitative drug checking technology for harm reduction: Pilot study in Vancouver, Canada using paper spray mass spectrometry.Drug and alcohol review · 2022Article
- Blood concentrations of new synthetic opioids.International journal of legal medicine · 2022Review
- Fentanyl-related substance scheduling as an effective drug control strategy.Journal of forensic sciences · 2021Article
- The opioid mortality epidemic in North America: do we understand the supply side dynamics of this unprecedented crisis?Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2020Article
- Novel Opioids: Systematic Web Crawling Within the e-Psychonauts' Scenario.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2020Article
- The Geographic Distribution of Fentanyl-Involved Overdose Deaths in Cook County, Illinois.American journal of public health · 2020Article
- Evaluation of Acetylfentanyl Following Suspected Heroin Overdose When Complicated by the Presence of Toxic Fentanyl and Alprazolam Concentrations.Academic forensic pathology · 2019Article
- Fatalities caused by novel opioids: a review.Forensic sciences research · 2019Review
- The Elephant in the Room: Outbreak of Carfentanil Deaths in Minnesota and the Importance of Multiagency Collaboration.Academic forensic pathology · 2018Article
- Public Health Impact: How Medicolegal Death Investigation Data Help the Living.Academic forensic pathology · 2017Article
- Deaths Involving Fentanyl, Fentanyl Analogs, and U-47700 - 10 States, July-December 2016.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2017Article
- Environmental life cycle of fentanyl: From the cradle to an unknown grave.Journal of environmental qualityReview
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedErrata.2017
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hundreds of synthetic substances have been introduced into the illicit drug market over the last ten years, but none of these drugs has had as poisonous a consequence as the emergence of the synthetic fentanyl analogs. Initially, pharmaceutical grade or illicit fentanyl was mixed with heroin, allegedly to boost the potency of the heroin. Then, the amounts of fentanyl spiked gradually increased until the proportion of fentanyl was greater than the proportion of heroin. Ultimately, many overdose cases began consisting of only fentanyl. The emergence of numerous synthetic fentanyl analogs, including acetylfentanyl, butyrylfentanyl, acrylfentanyl, furanylfentanyl and β-hydroxythiofentanyl, which are manufactured in China, were made available to the illicit drug traffickers over the Internet. In July of 2016, the most potent commercially available opioid, carfentanil, started appearing in illicit drug submissions and medical examiner death investigation cases in Northeast Ohio. Postmortem femoral blood carfentanil concentrations are in the picogram per milliliter (pg/mL) range, which is extremely low, and tests the limits of detection for most analytical forensic toxicology laboratories. The interpretation of these low carfentanil blood concentrations in antemortem and postmortem specimens is made difficult due to the overlap in the concentrations between these specimen types. The presence of these powerful synthetic fentanyl analogs presents a challenge to forensic toxicology laboratories preparing to analyze for these substances.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.