Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31239629›Full record

ArticleHealth and human rights2019

The Role of Gender in the Health and Human Rights Practices of Police: The SHIELD Study in Tijuana, Mexico.

Teresita Rocha-Jiménez, Maria Luisa Mittal, Irina Artamonova, Pieter Baker, Javier Cepeda, Mario Morales, Daniela Abramovitz, Erika Clairgue, Arnulfo Bañuelos, Thomas Patterson and 2 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC
In one paragraph

Article in Health and human rights, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
0.8field-weighted citation impact, top 27% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Teresita Rocha-JiménezResearch associate at the University of California San Diego's Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health and a fellow at the Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California San Diego, USA.
Maria Luisa MittalProject scientist at the Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, USA.
Irina ArtamonovaStatistician at the University of California San Diego, USA.
Pieter BakerPhD student and research associate at the University of California San Diego and San Diego State University, USA.
Javier CepedaAssistant professor at the Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, USA.
Mario MoralesResearch assistant at the Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, USA.
Daniela AbramovitzPrincipal statistician at the Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, USA.
Erika ClairgueResearch program manager at the University of California San Diego, USA.
Arnulfo BañuelosResearch liaison at the Secretaría de Seguridad Pública Municipal, department of special planning and projects, Tijuana, Mexico.
Thomas PattersonDistinguished professor of psychiatry at the University of California San Diego, USA.
Steffanie StrathdeeAssociate dean of global health sciences, Harold Simon Professor at the University of California San Diego Department of Medicine, and principal investigator at Project ESCUDO.
Leo BeletskyProfessor at the School of Law and Bouvé College of�Health Sciences, Northeastern University, and an associate adjunct professor at the University of California San Diego, USA.
University of California San Diego · USUniversity of California System · USUniversity of San Diego · USSan Diego State University · USSecretaria de Estado de Segurança Pública · BR

Funding

VirologyP30AI036214 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI David Mitchell Smith · 1994 to 2026
$78.4M
Training Program in Substance Use, HIV and Related InfectionsT32DA023356 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Natasha Martin, Steffanie A Strathdee · 2007 to 2026
$7.8M
University of California Global Health Institute Program for Fellows and ScholarsR25TW009343 · FIC · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI COHEN, CRAIG R, STRATHDEE, STEFFANIE A. · 2012 to 2017
$6.4M
Police Training to Reduce Occupational Needlesticks and HIV among Substance UsersR01DA039073 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI BELETSKY, LEO, STRATHDEE, STEFFANIE A. · 2015 to 2019
$3.2M
AIDS International Training Program in the US Mexico Border RegionD43TW008633 · FIC · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI STRATHDEE, STEFFANIE A. · 2010 to 2014
$1.5M
MODELING THE IMPACT OF A POLICE EDUCATION PROGRAM ON HIV INCIDENCE AMONG PEOPLE WHO INJECT DRUGSK01DA043421 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI CEPEDA, JAVIER · 2017 to 2021
$941k
FIC NIH HHS D43 TW008633FIC NIH HHS R25 TW009343NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI036214NIDA NIH HHS K01 DA043421NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA039073NIDA NIH HHS T32 DA023356
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Globally, punitive drug law enforcement drives human rights violations. Drug control tactics, such as syringe confiscation and drug-related arrests, also cascade into health harms among people who use drugs. The role of police officer characteristics in shaping such enforcement and measures to reform police practices remains underexamined. We evaluated gender differences in syringe confiscation and syringe-related arrest behaviors among municipal police officers in Tijuana, Mexico, where syringe possession is legal. In the context of the SHIELD Study focusing on aligning policing with harm reduction measures, our baseline sample covered municipal police officers who reported having occupational contact with syringes. We used multivariable logistic regression with robust variance estimation via a generalized estimating equation to identify correlates of syringe-related policing behaviors. Among respondent officers (n=1,555), 12% were female. After considering possible confounding variables, such as district of service and work experience, female officers were significantly less likely to report confiscating syringes or arresting individuals for syringe possession. Consideration of officer gender is important in the design of interventions to improve the health and human rights of people who inject drugs and other highly policed groups, as well as measures to safeguard officer occupational safety. The feminization of law enforcement deserves special consideration as an imperative in reducing the public health harms of policing.

Indexed as

Law EnforcementOccupational HealthAdultFemaleHuman RightsHumansLegislation, DrugMaleMexicoPolicePublic HealthSex FactorsSubstance Abuse, IntravenousSyringes

Identifiers

PMID31239629
PMCPMC6586956
OpenAlexW2954067950

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.