ArticleBMJ open2019
Exploring the association between urbanisation and self-rated health of older adults in China: evidence from a national population sample survey.
Article in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- A study of dominant factors in the coupled coordination of population-ecology-energy-digital economy in China based on random forest algorithm.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association between urbanization levels and frailty among middle-aged and older adults in China: evidence from the CHARLS.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Bridging the gap: how education transforms health outcomes and influences health inequality in rural China.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- The effect of city size on the disability rate of the older adults: empirical evidence from CHARLS data.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- [Analysis on the relationship between urbanization and health behavior in China: An empirical research based on China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS)].Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences · 2022Article
- Correlation between functional disability and quality of life among rural elderly in Anhui province, China: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Article
- Residential exposure to natural outdoor environments and general health among older adults in Shanghai, China.International journal for equity in health · 2019Article
- Neighborhood social reciprocity and mental health among older adults in China: the mediating effects of physical activity, social interaction, and volunteering.BMC public health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThis study investigated the association between urbanisation and self-rated health of older adults in China, particularly how different dimensions, rate and level of urbanisation are related to older people's health. Additionally, it examined the moderating effect of education on the association between each of the four dimensions of urbanisation and older people's health.
designThe study uses a cross-sectional survey design.
participantsThis study analysed 236 030 individuals (aged 60-79 years) nested within 267 prefecture-level cities from 2005 China's 1% population sample survey. OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-rated health was the outcome variable. Four groups of predictors assessed prefectures' level and rate of urbanisation: land-use conversion, economic growth, population concentration and health services. Multilevel logistic regression was used to examine the association between self-rated health and the level and rate of urbanisation, after adjusting for individual-level covariates. Multiplicative interactions explored variations by education.
resultsThe odd of reporting fair or poor health was negatively associated with the level and rate of population concentration (OR 0.93,95%CI 0.87 to 0.99 and 0.74,95%CI 0.59 to 0.93, respectively) and positively associated with the level of health services (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.19). Land-use conversion, economic growth and health service improvements (the forms of rate of urbanisation) were not significantly associated with self-rated health. Education had a moderating effect on the association between urbanisation and self-rated health.
conclusionsOlder people living in more densely populated areas and areas undergoing rapid population concentration were less likely to report fair or poor health. This result supports healthy migration and 'salmon bias' hypotheses. No urban health penalty was observed for the older adults in China; therefore, the following pathways linking urbanisation to health are unclear: lifestyle changes, environmental pollution and cultivated land reduction.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.