ArticlePublic health nutrition2019
Production-related contaminants (pesticides, antibiotics and hormones) in organic and conventionally produced milk samples sold in the USA.
Article in Public health nutrition, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Proteolytic Activity of Commercial Thermophilic Starter Cultures and Changes in Protein Fractions and Free Amino Acids in Organic and Conventional Fermented Milk.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Chemicals in cow milk and soy beverages: Neurotoxicity and neuroprotection.Advances in neurotoxicology · 2026Article
- Delta-endotoxin production and toxicity enhancement by using vegetable oils as oxygen vectors.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Article
- Ecological consequences of antimicrobial residues and bioactive chemicals on antimicrobial resistance in agroecosystems.Journal of advanced research · 2025Review
- Current Tick Control Strategies and Prospects for Using Nanotechnology as an Efficient Alternative-A Review.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Immunoprotection Provided by Salivary and Intestinal Protein-Based Antigens Against the Ixodid TickVaccines · 2025Article
- Impact of maternal organic food consumption and diet quality during pregnancy on offspring's risk of inflammatory bowel disease: findings from a Danish National Birth Cohort Study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Knowledge and perception of antibiotic resistance and stewardship among pre-health and agriculture undergraduate students.Journal of microbiology & biology education · 2024Article
- Current perspectives and difficulties in the design of acaricides and repellents from plant-derived compounds for tick control.Experimental & applied acarology · 2024Review
- The Potential of Wood Vinegar to Replace Antimicrobials Used in Animal Husbandry-A Review.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Organic Milk Production and Dairy Farming Constraints and Prospects under the Laws of the European Union.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- The Role of Cow's Milk Consumption in Breast Cancer Initiation and Progression.Current nutrition reports · 2023Review
- A Highly Selective Analytical Method Based on Salt-Assisted Liquid-Liquid Extraction for Trace-Level Enrichment of Multiclass Pesticide Residues in Cow Milk for Quantitative Liquid Chromatographic Analysis.International journal of analytical chemistry · 2023Article
- Triacylglycerides and Cholesterol in Organic Milk from Chiapas, Mexico.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Article
- The Promise and Challenges of Determining Recombinant Bovine Growth Hormone in Milk.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Contaminants in the cow's milk we consume? Pasteurization and other technologies in the elimination of contaminants.F1000Research · 2022Review
- Chemical Characterization of Recycled Consumer Products Using Suspect Screening Analysis.Environmental science & technology · 2021Article
- Mitochondrial Proteostasis Requires Genes Encoded in a Neurodevelopmental Syndrome Locus.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveConsumption of cow's milk, which is associated with diet and health benefits, has decreased in the USA. The simultaneous increase in demand for more costly organic milk suggests consumer concern about exposure to production-related contaminants may be contributing to this decline. We sought to determine if contaminant levels differ by the production method used.
designHalf-gallon containers of organic and conventional milk (four each) were collected by volunteers in each of nine US regions and shipped on ice for analysis. Pesticide, antibiotic and hormone (bovine growth hormone (bGH), bGH-associated insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)) residues were measured using liquid or gas chromatography coupled to mass or tandem mass spectrometry. Levels were compared against established federal limits and by production method.
settingLaboratory analysis of retail milk samples.
resultsCurrent-use pesticides (5/15 tested) and antibiotics (5/13 tested) were detected in several conventional (26-60 %; n 35) but not in organic (n 34) samples. Among the conventional samples, residue levels exceeded federal limits for amoxicillin in one sample (3 %) and in multiple samples for sulfamethazine (37 %) and sulfathiazole (26 %). Median bGH and IGF-1 concentrations in conventional milk were 9·8 and 3·5 ng/ml, respectively, twenty and three times that in organic samples (P < 0·0001).
conclusionsCurrent-use antibiotics and pesticides were undetectable in organic but prevalent in conventionally produced milk samples, with multiple samples exceeding federal limits. Higher bGH and IGF-1 levels in conventional milk suggest the presence of synthetic growth hormone. Further research is needed to understand the impact of these differences, if any, on consumers.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.