Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31238894›Full record

ArticleBMC cancer2019

Expression of toll-like receptors in non-endemic nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Miia Ruuskanen, Ilmo Leivo, Heikki Minn, Tero Vahlberg, Caj Haglund, Jaana Hagström, Heikki Irjala

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC cancer, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.3field-weighted citation impact, top 19% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. TLR2 and TLR9 in Brain Cancer Patients in Relation to EBV Status.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Serum TLR2 and TLR9 in Prostate Cancer Patients in Relation to EBV Status.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Miia RuuskanenDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521, Turku, Finland. miia.ruuskanen@tyks.fi.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4899-1881
Ilmo LeivoDepartment of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521, Turku, Finland.
Heikki MinnDepartment of Oncology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521, Turku, Finland.
Tero VahlbergDepartment of Biostatistics, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521, Turku, Finland.
Caj HaglundDepartment of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.
Jaana HagströmResearch Programs Unit - Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3 C, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.
Heikki IrjalaDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521, Turku, Finland.
University of Turku · FIUniversity of Helsinki · FI

Funding

Maritza and Reino Salonen Foundation (FI) NASyöpäsäätiö NATurun Yliopisto NA
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant disease with an enigmatic etiology. NPC associates with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomaviruses (HPVs), while immunological factors also play a role in carcinogenesis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that participate in the immunological defence against pathogens, but their functions are also linked to cancer.

methodsIn our whole population-based study, we retrieved 150 Finnish NPC cases and studied their tumour samples for TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7, and TLR9 expressions by immunohistochemistry, and for the presence of EBV and high-risk HPVs with EBV RNA and HPV E6/E7 mRNA in situ hybridizations. In addition, we analyzed the TLR expression patterns according to age, tumour histology, EBV/HPV status, and outcome.

resultsWe found that all TLRs studied were highly expressed in NPC. Viral status of the tumours varied, and 62% of them were EBV-positive, 14% HPV-positive, and 24% virus-negative. The tumours with strong TLR2

conclusionsTLRs are highly expressed in non-endemic NPC. Intensity of TLR2 and TLR5 expressions correlate with viral status, and TLR7 seems to be an independent prognostic factor of non-endemic NPC.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAge FactorsCarcinoma, Squamous CellChildCyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16FemaleFinlandHerpesvirus 4, HumanHuman papillomavirus 6HumansKaplan-Meier EstimateMaleMiddle AgedCDKN2A protein, humanCyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16RNA, ViralTLR1 protein, humanTLR2 protein, humanTLR4 protein, humanTLR5 protein, humanTLR7 protein, humanTLR9 protein, humanToll-Like Receptor 1Toll-Like Receptor 2Toll-Like Receptor 4Toll-Like Receptor 5Toll-Like Receptor 7Toll-Like Receptor 9Toll-Like ReceptorsEpstein-Barr virusHead and neck cancerHuman papillomavirusNasopharyngeal carcinomaToll-like receptor

Identifiers

PMID31238894
PMCPMC6593602
OpenAlexW2956061471

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.