Trial reportRheumatology (Oxford, England)2020
Hydroxychloroquine treatment downregulates systemic interferon activation in primary Sjögren's syndrome in the JOQUER randomized trial.
Trial report in Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Combined use of total glucosides of paeony and hydroxychloroquine in primary Sjögren's syndrome: A systematic review.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of iguratimod in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome: a multicentre randomised controlled trial.RMD open · 2025Trial
- Proteins linked to type II interferon response in Sjögren's disease: novel indicators for disease monitoring and predicting treatment response to leflunomide and hydroxychloroquine combination therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Revisiting the JOQUER trial: stratification of primary Sjögren's syndrome and the clinical and interferon response to hydroxychloroquine.Rheumatology international · 2021Trial
- Improvement of Severe Fatigue Following Nuclease Therapy in Patients With Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2021Trial
- Molecular classification of primary Sjögren's syndrome based on salivary gland omics.Arthritis research & therapy · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal orchestration of the salivary gland immune microenvironment in Sjögren's disease: a multidimensional framework of epithelial licensing, lymphoid neogenesis, and stromal remodeling.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Comparative outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome treated with hydroxychloroquine versus methotrexate: a retrospective cohort study.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Treatment effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome: a real-world Study.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- Sjögren's Syndrome: Epidemiology, Classification Criteria, Molecular Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment.MedComm · 2025Review
- Is high IgG level associated with disease activity and organ damage in patients with Sjögren's syndrome? A 3-year follow-up cohort study.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- STING pathways and Sjögren's syndrome: Exploration from mechanism to treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Primary Sjögren's syndrome: new perspectives on salivary gland epithelial cells.European journal of medical research · 2024Review
- Assessment of hydroxychloroquine blood levels in Sjögren's disease patients: drug adherence and clinical associations.Rheumatology international · 2024Observational
- Central sensitization significantly deteriorates functionality and the interpretation of self-reported disease activity in primary Sjögren's syndrome.Clinical rheumatology · 2024Article
- MICa/b-dependent activation of natural killer cells by CD64The EMBO journal · 2023Article
- Type I Interferons in Autoimmunity: Implications in Clinical Phenotypes and Treatment Response.The Journal of rheumatology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveHCQ is frequently used to treat primary SS (pSS), but evidence for its efficacy is limited. HCQ blocks IFN activation, which is present in half of the pSS patients. The effect of HCQ treatment on the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) was studied in pSS. Furthermore, HCQ-treated patients were stratified based on IFN activation and differences in disease activity and clinical parameters were studied.
methodsExpression of ISGs and IFN scores was determined in 77 patients, who were previously enrolled in the placebo-controlled JOQUER trial. Patients were treated for 24 weeks with 400 mg/d HCQ or placebo.
resultsHCQ treatment reduced IFN scores and expression of ISGs compared with the placebo-treated group. HCQ reduced ESR, IgG and IgM levels independently of the patients' IFN activation status. No differences in EULAR SS disease activity index or EULAR SS patient reported index scores were observed after HCQ treatment, even after IFN stratification.
conclusionTreatment for 24 weeks with HCQ significantly reduced type I IFN scores and ISG-expression compared with the placebo-treated group. HCQ reduced several laboratory parameters, but failed to improve clinical response. This suggests that in pSS, type I IFN is associated to some laboratory parameters abnormalities, but not related to the clinical response.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.