Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31236603›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of public health2019

Sex Differences in Comorbidity and Frailty in Europe.

Linda Juel Ahrenfeldt, Sören Möller, Mikael Thinggaard, Kaare Christensen, Rune Lindahl-Jacobsen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
48citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

48 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. [Physical functioning and frailty in very old age in Germany].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2026
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  9. Impact of preoperative frailty on outcomes in patients subjected to emergency laparotomy: a prospective study.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
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  12. Socioeconomic Inequalities in Frailty Distribution: A Cross-National Comparison of the United States and England.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2024
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  19. Review
  20. Frailty and Processing Speed Performance at the Cusp of Midlife in CATSLife.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2023
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Linda Juel AhrenfeldtEpidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 9B, 5000, Odense C, Denmark. lahrenfeldt@health.sdu.dk.
Sören MöllerOPEN - Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
Mikael ThinggaardEpidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 9B, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
Kaare ChristensenEpidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 9B, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
Rune Lindahl-JacobsenEpidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 9B, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.

Funding

Understanding and Improving Healthcare Decision-Making and Outcomes for People Living with Alzheimer's Disease and Related DementiasP01AG005842 · NIA · NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH · PI JOSEPH J DOYLE · 1986 to 2026
$56.5M
THE RANGE OF MALE-FEMALE MORTALITY DIFFERENCESP01AG031719 · NIA · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI ZENG, YI · 2009 to 2020
$10.2M
NIA NIH HHS HHSN271201300071CNIA NIH HHS P01 AG005842NIA NIH HHS P01 AG031719
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo examine sex differences in prevalent comorbidity and frailty across age and European regions.

methodsThis is a cross-sectional study based on 113,299 Europeans aged 50+ participating in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe from 2004-2005 to 2015. Sex differences in the Comorbidity Index and the Frailty Phenotype were investigated using ordinal logistic regressions.

resultsEuropean women had generally higher odds of prevalent comorbidity (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.07-1.15) and frailty (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.51-1.62). Sex differences increased with advancing age. No overall sex difference in comorbidity was found in Western Europe, but women had more comorbidity than men in Eastern (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.18-1.44), Southern (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.15-1.30), and Northern (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01-1.16) Europe. Women were frailer than men in all regions, with the largest sex difference in Southern Europe (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.72-1.96).

conclusionsEuropean women are frailer and have slightly more comorbidity than European men lending support for the male-female health survival paradox.

Indexed as

ComorbidityAgedAged, 80 and overCross-Sectional StudiesEuropeFemaleFrail ElderlyFrailtyHealth SurveysHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceSex FactorsSocioeconomic FactorsComorbidityEuropeFrailtySex differencesSHARE

Identifiers

PMID31236603
PMCPMC7237816

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.