ReviewNature reviews. Microbiology2019
Mechanisms and clinical relevance of bacterial heteroresistance.
Review in Nature reviews. Microbiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 300 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
300 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Global trends and research profile of antibiotic heteroresistance: a bibliometric and visual analysis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- Drug-resistantClinical microbiology reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Within-patient carbapenem heteroresistance inCurrent research in microbial sciences · 2026Article
- Dual population-level processes contribute to polyclonal ceftiofur heteroresistance in swine-derivedVirulence · 2026Article
- Population size modulates the transition from gene amplification-mediated heteroresistance to stable resistance.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2026Article
- Predicting resistance evolution to guide antibiotic development.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Transcriptional regulation drives heteroresistance inmSystems · 2026Article
- Combinatorial action of regulatory systems generates colistin heteroresistance.Science advances · 2026Article
- Heterogeneity in the response to the metabolic environment drives fosfomycin heteroresistance.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Macrolide antibiotic action, resistance, and tolerance, and approaches to improve their activity against Gram-negative bacteria.The Journal of antibiotics · 2026Review
- High prevalence of colistin heteroresistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream isolates and associated clinical factors.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Cobalt and nickel ion synergy promotes gene amplification and stable metal resistance inApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Non-uniform susceptibility profiles observed inMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Bacterial heteroresistance mechanisms, dynamics, and emerging diagnostic approaches.Bioscience reports · 2026Review
- Biofilm Formation and the Pore ProteinsAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Heterogeneity in microbial antibiotic responses: genetic basis and within-host evolution.Trends in genetics : TIG · 2026Review
- Bacteriophage Heteroresistance as a Cause of Treatment Failure in Urinary Tract Infections.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Beyond minimum inhibitory concentration values: clinical and diagnostic challenges of colistin heteroresistance in Acinetobacter baumannii.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Clinical characteristics and temporal trends of meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam heteroresistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2026Article
- Within-host pathogen population diversity predicts treatment response in Tuberculosis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
240 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antibiotic heteroresistance is a phenotype in which a bacterial isolate contains subpopulations of cells that show a substantial reduction in antibiotic susceptibility compared with the main population. Recent work indicates that heteroresistance is very common for several different bacterial species and antibiotic classes. The resistance phenotype is often unstable, and in the absence of antibiotic pressure it rapidly reverts to susceptibility. A common mechanistic explanation for the instability is the occurrence of genetically unstable tandem amplifications of genes that cause resistance. Due to their instability, low frequency and transient character, it is challenging to detect and study these subpopulations, which often leads to difficulties in unambiguously classifying bacteria as susceptible or resistant. Finally, in vitro experiments, mathematical modelling, animal infection models and clinical studies show that the resistant subpopulations can be enriched during antibiotic exposure, and increasing evidence suggests that heteroresistance can lead to treatment failure.
Indexed as
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.