ArticleJournal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology2019
Predictors of toxic metal exposures among US women of reproductive age.
Article in Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Prenatal metal(loid) exposure and preterm birth: a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2025Pooled it
- Prenatal Exposure to Toxic Metals and Neural Tube Defects: A Systematic Review of the Epidemiologic Evidence.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Pooled it
- In Utero Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Exposure and Changes in Infant T Helper Cell Development among UPSIDE-ECHO Cohort Participants.Environmental health perspectives · 2026Article
- Predictors of Toxic Metal/Metalloid Exposures Among Mexican Americans in Starr County, Texas.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Prenatal exposure to metal mixture and birth weight; a Bayesian kernel machine regression analysis of two cohort studies in Japan and Iran.Journal of environmental health science & engineering · 2025Article
- A Prospective Ultrasound Study of Whole Blood Metals and Incidence of Uterine Leiomyomata.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Exposure to Environmental Metal Mixtures Among Pregnant Women in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2018.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Article
- PFAS alters placental arterial vasculature in term human placentae: A prospective pregnancy cohort study.Placenta · 2024Article
- Environmental and genetic predictors of whole blood mercury and selenium concentrations in pregnant women in a UK birth cohort.Environmental advances · 2024Article
- Article
- Assessing lead exposure in U.S. pregnant women using biological and residential measurements.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Correlates of whole blood metal concentrations among reproductive-aged Black women.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2023Article
- Toxic metal mixtures in private well water and increased risk for preterm birth in North Carolina.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2023Article
- Prenatal Cadmium Exposure and Maternal Sex Steroid Hormone Concentrations across Pregnancy.Toxics · 2023Article
- Protective role of the placental efflux transporter BCRP/ABCG2 in the relationship between prenatal cadmium exposure, placenta weight, and size at birth.Environmental research · 2023Article
- Invited Perspective: Toxic Metals and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Prenatal perfluoroalkyl substances exposure and maternal sex steroid hormones across pregnancy.Environmental research · 2023Article
- Metal mixtures modeling identifies birth weight-associated gene networks in the placentas of children born extremely preterm.Chemosphere · 2023Article
- Early pregnancy essential and non-essential metal mixtures and maternal antepartum and postpartum depressive symptoms.Neurotoxicology · 2023Article
- The Intersection of Immigrant and Environmental Health: A Scoping Review of Observational Population Exposure and Epidemiologic Studies.Environmental health perspectives · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundArsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury are ubiquitous toxicants that may be especially harmful to unborn children. We therefore sought to identify temporal trends and predictors of toxic metal biomarkers among US women of reproductive age, including those who were pregnant and/or breastfeeding.
methodsInterviews and examinations were performed among a representative sample of women, aged 20-44 years, as part of the 2003-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. A range of sociodemographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors were evaluated as predictors of urinary inorganic arsenic, urinary cadmium, blood mercury, and blood lead concentrations.
resultsLevels of all four toxic metal biomarkers declined during the study period. Older age, racial/ethnic minorities, and a birthplace outside of the US were independently associated with higher toxic metal concentrations. Associations were similar for women who were pregnant or breastfeeding and those who were not.
conclusionUS women of reproductive age were exposed to lower levels of toxic metals in 2013-2014 compared to 2003-2004. However, because the long-term health effects of early life exposures are unclear, public health efforts to address toxic metals should pay particular attention to older, nonwhite, and foreign-born women if they are pregnant or planning to become pregnant.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.