ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2019
Tracking the evolution of CNS remyelinating lesion in mice with neutral red dye.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oxidized phosphatidylcholines deposition drives chronic neurodegeneration in a mouse model of progressive multiple sclerosis via IL-1β signaling.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Trigeminal root demyelination is sufficient to induce trigeminal neuralgia-like facial pain in adult rodents.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- Age-impaired remyelination is associated with dysregulated microglial transitions.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Remote ischemic postconditioning improves cognitive dysfunction after subarachnoid hemorrhage by driving metabolic reprogramming of border-associated macrophages through the IL-33/ST2 axis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Article
- PAK1 regulates oligodendroglial proliferation and repopulation in homeostatic and demyelinating brain.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Article
- Type I collagen secreted in white matter lesions inhibits remyelination and functional recovery.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- Senescent-like microglia limit remyelination through the senescence associated secretory phenotype.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Intrinsic retinoic acid synthesis is required for oligodendrocyte progenitor expansion during CNS remyelination.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Article
- Forceps minor control of social behaviour.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Fueling neurodegeneration: metabolic insights into microglia functions.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- Neutral Red Labeling: A Novel Vital Staining Method for Investigating Central and Peripheral Nervous System Lesions.Acta histochemica et cytochemica · 2024Review
- Serum LDL Promotes Microglial Activation and Exacerbates Demyelinating Injury in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder.Neuroscience bulletin · 2024Article
- Spatial dynamics of mammalian brain development and neuroinflammation by multimodal tri-omics mapping.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Control of OPC proliferation and repopulation by the intellectual disability gene PAK1 under homeostatic and demyelinating conditions.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- The Mouse Model of Internal Capsule Demyelination: A Novel Tool for Investigating Motor Functional Changes Caused by Demyelination and for Evaluating Drugs That Promote Remyelination.Acta histochemica et cytochemica · 2024Review
- Myeloid cell-associated aromatic amino acid metabolism facilitates CNS myelin regeneration.NPJ Regenerative medicine · 2024Article
- TREM2 deficiency inhibits microglial activation and aggravates demyelinating injury in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- S1PR-1/5 modulator RP-101074 shows beneficial effects in a model of central nervous system degeneration.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- The Cellular Senescence Factor Extracellular HMGB1 Directly Inhibits Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Differentiation and Impairs CNS Remyelination.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Animal models of central nervous system (CNS) demyelination, including toxin-induced focal demyelination and immune-mediated demyelination through experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), have provided valuable insights into the mechanisms of neuroinflammation and CNS remyelination. However, the ability to track changes in transcripts, proteins, and metabolites, as well as cellular populations during the evolution of a focal lesion, has remained challenging. Here, we developed a method to label CNS demyelinating lesions by the intraperitoneal injection of a vital dye, neutral red (NR), into mice before killing. We demonstrate that NR-labeled lesions can be easily identified on the intact spinal cord in both lysolecithin- and EAE-mediated demyelination models. Using fluorescence microscopy, we detected NR in activated macrophages/microglia and astrocytes, but not in oligodendrocytes present in lesions. Importantly, we successfully performed RT-qPCR, Western blot, flow cytometry, and mass spectrometry analysis of precisely dissected NR-labeled lesions at 5, 10, and 20 d postlesion (dpl) and found differential changes in transcripts, proteins, cell populations, and metabolites in lesions over the course of remyelination. Therefore, NR administration is a simple and powerful method to track and analyze the detailed molecular, cellular, and metabolic changes that occur within the lesion microenvironment over time following CNS injury. Furthermore, this method can be used to identify molecular and metabolic pathways that regulate neuroinflammation and remyelination and facilitate the development of therapies to promote repair in demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis.
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