ArticleMalaria journal2019
Epidemiological risk factors for clinical malaria infection in the highlands of Western Kenya.
Article in Malaria journal, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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28 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Febrile Illnesses in Uganda: Case Studies of Brucellosis, Malaria and Typhoid Fever (2016-2023).Journal of tropical medicine · 2025Article
- High prevalence and risk factors associated with asymptomatic malaria among children in Nkwen village, Northwest Region, Cameroon.Malaria journal · 2024Article
- Plasmodium Parasitaemia and Urine Alterations among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Aba Metropolis, Abia State, Nigeria.Journal of parasitology research · 2024Article
- Malaria parasite burden and heterogeneity of risk factors among Central African Republic refugees: a cross-sectional study in the Gado-Badzere refugee camp in Eastern Cameroon.Frontiers in tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Prevalence and risk factors associated with malaria infection in children under two years of age in southern Togo prior to perennial malaria chemoprevention implementation.Malaria journal · 2023Article
- Prevalence and predictors of asymptomatic malaria infection in Boricha District, Sidama Region, Ethiopia: implications for elimination strategies.Malaria journal · 2023Article
- Civil Engineering and Malaria Risk: A Descriptive Study in a Rural Area of Cubal, Angola.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Assessing afebrile malaria and bed-net use in a high-burden region of India: Findings from multiple rounds of mass screening.PloS one · 2023Article
- A prospective cohort study of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in three sites of Western Kenya.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Influence of landscape heterogeneity on entomological and parasitological indices of malaria in Kisumu, Western Kenya.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Quantifying the effect of human population mobility on malaria risk in the Peruvian Amazon.Royal Society open science · 2022Article
- Malaria-associated risk factors among adolescents living in areas with persistent transmission in Senegal: a case-control study.Malaria journal · 2022Article
- High asymptomatic malaria among seasonal migrant workers departing to home from malaria endemic areas in northwest Ethiopia.Malaria journal · 2022Article
- Five-Year Trend of Malaria Prevalence in Mojo Town, Central Ethiopia: Shifting Burden of the Disease and Its Implication for Malaria Elimination: A Retrospective Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2022Article
- Risk associations of submicroscopic malaria infection in lakeshore, plateau and highland areas of Kisumu County in western Kenya.PloS one · 2022Article
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8 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUnderstanding the complex heterogeneity of risk factors that can contribute to an increased risk of malaria at the individual and household level will enable more effective use of control measures. The objective of this study was to understand individual and household factors that influence clinical malaria infection among individuals in the highlands of Western Kenya.
methodsThis was a matched case-control study undertaken in the Western Kenya highlands. Clinical malaria cases were recruited from health facilities and matched to asymptomatic individuals from the community who served as controls. Each participant was screened for malaria using microscopy. Follow-up surveys were conducted with individual households to collect socio-economic data. The houses were also checked using pyrethrum spray catches to collect mosquitoes.
resultsA total of 302 malaria cases were matched to 604 controls during the surveillance period. Mosquito densities were similar in the houses of both groups. A greater percentage of people in the control group (64.6%) used insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) compared to the families of malaria cases (48.3%). Use of ITNs was associated with lower level of clinical malaria episodes (odds ratio 0.51; 95% CI 0.39-0.68; P < 0.0001). Low income was the most important factor associated with higher malaria infections (adj. OR 4.70). Use of malaria prophylaxis was the most important factor associated with less malaria infections (adj OR 0.36). Mother's (not fathers) employment status (adj OR 0.48) and education level (adj OR 0.54) was important malaria risk factor. Houses with open eaves was an important malaria risk factor (adj OR 1.72).
conclusionThe identification of risk factors for clinical malaria infection provides information on the local malaria epidemiology and has the potential to lead to a more effective and targeted use of malaria control measures. These risk factors could be used to assess why some individuals acquire clinical malaria whilst others do not and to inform how intervention could be scaled at the local level.
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