Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31234833›Full record

ArticleBMC biology2019

RNA-Seq in 296 phased trios provides a high-resolution map of genomic imprinting.

Bharati Jadhav, Ramin Monajemi, Kristina K Gagalova, Daniel Ho, Harmen H M Draisma, Mark A van de Wiel, Lude Franke, Bastiaan T Heijmans, Joyce van Meurs, Rick Jansen and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC biology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Species-Specific Parent-Of-Origin Expression of Adam23 in the Mammalian Brain.Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Abundant Parent-of-origin Effect eQTL: The Framingham Heart Study.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Bharati JadhavDepartment of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room 8-116, Box 1498, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
Ramin MonajemiDepartment of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, the Netherlands. r.monajemi@lumc.nl.ORCID 0000-0002-4277-6523
Kristina K GagalovaGenomeScan B.V., Plesmanlaan 1D, 2333 BZ, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Daniel HoDepartment of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room 8-116, Box 1498, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
Harmen H M DraismaDepartment of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Mark A van de WielDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Lude FrankeDepartment of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Bastiaan T HeijmansDepartment of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Joyce van MeursDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Rick JansenDepartment of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
GoNL Consortium
BIOS Consortium
Peter A C 't HoenDepartment of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Andrew J SharpDepartment of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room 8-116, Box 1498, New York, NY, 10029, USA. andrew.sharp@mssm.edu.
Szymon M KiełbasaDepartment of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, the Netherlands. smkielbasa@lumc.nl.

Funding

Comprehensive identification of parent of origin effects in human and mouseR01HG006696 · NHGRI · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI SHARP, ANDREW JAMES · 2012 to 2016
$2.5M
Transforming Genomics with 5 PB Big Omics Data Engine Cray CS300-AC SupercomputerS10OD018522 · OD · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI KOVATCH, PATRICIA · 2014 to 2014
$1.9M
NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG006696NIH HHS S10 OD018522
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIdentification of imprinted genes, demonstrating a consistent preference towards the paternal or maternal allelic expression, is important for the understanding of gene expression regulation during embryonic development and of the molecular basis of developmental disorders with a parent-of-origin effect. Combining allelic analysis of RNA-Seq data with phased genotypes in family trios provides a powerful method to detect parent-of-origin biases in gene expression.

resultsWe report findings in 296 family trios from two large studies: 165 lymphoblastoid cell lines from the 1000 Genomes Project and 131 blood samples from the Genome of the Netherlands (GoNL) participants. Based on parental haplotypes, we identified > 2.8 million transcribed heterozygous SNVs phased for parental origin and developed a robust statistical framework for measuring allelic expression. We identified a total of 45 imprinted genes and one imprinted unannotated transcript, including multiple imprinted transcripts showing incomplete parental expression bias that was located adjacent to strongly imprinted genes. For example, PXDC1, a gene which lies adjacent to the paternally expressed gene FAM50B, shows a 2:1 paternal expression bias. Other imprinted genes had promoter regions that coincide with sites of parentally biased DNA methylation identified in the blood from uniparental disomy (UPD) samples, thus providing independent validation of our results. Using the stranded nature of the RNA-Seq data in lymphoblastoid cell lines, we identified multiple loci with overlapping sense/antisense transcripts, of which one is expressed paternally and the other maternally. Using a sliding window approach, we searched for imprinted expression across the entire genome, identifying a novel imprinted putative lncRNA in 13q21.2. Overall, we identified 7 transcripts showing parental bias in gene expression which were not reported in 4 other recent RNA-Seq studies of imprinting.

conclusionsOur methods and data provide a robust and high-resolution map of imprinted gene expression in the human genome.

Indexed as

AllelesBlood Chemical AnalysisCell LineGene ExpressionGenomic ImprintingHaplotypesHumansSequence Analysis, RNAAllele-specific expressionBayesian analysisImprintingParent-of-originPhased genotypes

Identifiers

PMID31234833
PMCPMC6589892

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.