ReviewJournal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology2019
A Management Protocol for Gonad Preservation in Patients with Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome.
Review in Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pubertal induction and transition to adult sex hormone replacement in patients with congenital pituitary or gonadal reproductive hormone deficiency: an Endo-ERN clinical practice guideline.European journal of endocrinology · 2022Guideline
- Serial evaluation of gonads of complete androgen insensitivity syndrome from birth to puberty: Is gonadectomy necessary?Urology case reports · 2025Article
- A novel androgen resistance gene mutation (p.G590W) in complete androgen insensitivity syndrome: Emphasizing the need for early gonadectomy and integrated patient care.The Journal of international medical research · 2025Article
- Molecular pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management challenges in complete androgen insensitivity syndrome.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- "I've had constant fears that I'll get cancer": the construction and experience of medical intervention on intersex bodies to reduce cancer risk.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2024Article
- A Gly684Ala substitution in the androgen receptor is the cause for azoospermia in a Chinese family with mild androgen insensitivity syndrome and normal hormone levels.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome caused by the c.2678C>T mutation in the androgen receptor gene: A case report.World journal of clinical cases · 2021Article
- Evolving indications for surgical intervention in patients with differences/disorders of sex development: Implications of deferred reconstruction.Seminars in pediatric surgery · 2020Review
- Fetal Sex Results of Noninvasive Prenatal Testing and Differences With Ultrasonography.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2020Observational
- Two cases of gonad retention in adolescent patients with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS).Journal of pediatric surgery case reports · 2020Article
- A shared decision-making tool for individuals living with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome.Seminars in pediatric surgery · 2019Article
- Germ cell and other tumors in individuals with differences in sex development.CA: a cancer journal for cliniciansReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Historically, individuals with androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) were managed with removal of gonadal tissue at various ages to avert the risk of gonadal malignancy. Recently, clinical practice changed, with gonadectomy being postponed until late adolescence. Adolescents and adults with complete AIS have questioned this approach. Additionally, testicular germ cell tumors are increasingly believed to be quite rare with rates as low as 0% in molecularly confirmed individuals with AIS. Gonadectomy deprives patients of the benefits of their endogenous hormones and potential fertility. Furthermore, human rights organizations advocate for deferring irreversible surgery in conditions known as differences of sex development, which includes AIS, to allow patient autonomy in decision-making. Recent literature supports an approach that uses risk stratification to manage gonads in AIS. Herein we review what is known about malignancy risk in the different subtypes of AIS and propose a management protocol for gonad retention.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.