Observational studyPsychosomatic medicine2019
Mental Health of a Large Group of Adults With Disorders of Sex Development in Six European Countries.
Observational study in Psychosomatic medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical practice guidelines for the management of differences of sex development in Japan.Endocrine journal · 2026Guideline
- Anxiety and autistic traits in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Pooled it
- Gender Dysphoria Among 46,XX Patients Diagnosed with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia in Childhood: A Case Series.Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings · 2026Article
- Anorexia Nervosa Emerging after Swyer Syndrome DiagnosisJournal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology · 2026Article
- Clinical practice guidelines for the management of differences of sex development in Japan.Clinical pediatric endocrinology : case reports and clinical investigations : official journal of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology · 2026Review
- A Comprehensive Child Psychiatry Approach for Managing Patients with Differences of Sexual Development in a Multidisciplinary Setting: An Alternative Follow-up ModelJournal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology · 2025Article
- Stigma in differences of sex development: a scoping review.Journal of pediatric psychology · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Psychiatric Comorbidities in Females With Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Causal associations between congenital adrenal hyperplasia and neuropsychiatric conditions- a Mendelian Randomization Study.Endocrine · 2025Article
- Psychiatric Comorbidities in Women With Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome or Müllerian Duct Aplasia/Agenesis.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Article
- Exploring the relationship between cognition and mental health in intersex participants in the UK Biobank study.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2025Article
- Klinefelter syndrome and ADHD: a short systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- Hypospadias Associated With Fetal Growth Restriction: A Multicentric Descriptive and Prognostic Cohort Study.Prenatal diagnosis · 2024Article
- Neurodivergence, intersectionality, and eating disorders: a lived experience-led narrative review.Journal of eating disorders · 2024Review
- Psychiatric disorders and comorbidity in women with Turner Syndrome: a retrospective national cohort study.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Body image and psychosocial outcomes in youth and young adults with differences of sex development: a multi-method study.Journal of pediatric psychology · 2024Article
- Article
- Extensive Literature Review of 46,XX Newborns with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and Severe Genital Masculinization: Should They Be Assigned and Reared Male?Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology · 2024Review
- Challenges in Transition of Care for People with Variations in Sex Characteristics in the European Context.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe aim of the study was to evaluate psychiatric symptoms among 1022 persons with various disorders of sex development (DSDs).
methodsThe study was a European multicenter cross-sectional clinical evaluation in six countries. The mean (SD) age of participants was 32.1 (13.4) years. The cohort consisted of 325 individuals with Turner syndrome, 219 individuals with Klinefelter syndrome (KS), female individuals with various XY-DSD conditions (107 with and 67 without androgenization), 87 male individuals with XY-DSD conditions, and 221 female individuals with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Short Autism Spectrum Quotient, the Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale, and self-reported mental health history were used to assess psychiatric symptoms.
resultsAcross the six DSD diagnostic groups, clinical cutoff symptom scores were reached in 19.5% of participants for anxiety, in 7.1% for depression, in 4.1% for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and in 9.1% for autism. The mean depression and anxiety scores were higher compared with population norms in men with KS and men with XY-DSD. Compared with participants with other DSD conditions, men with KS reported significantly more mental health symptoms. Self-esteem, satisfaction with care, body dissatisfaction, and experiences of shame were associated with psychiatric symptoms in many DSD conditions.
conclusionsA substantial minority of adults with DSD, with KS in particular, experience psychiatric morbidity. Across DSD conditions, adults may share feelings of shame. Developing a positive self-esteem and body image may be challenging. Multidisciplinary DSD care that involves specialized mental health support can be of important value.
trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register DRKS00006072.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.