ArticleAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences2019
Exploring associations between water, sanitation, and anemia through 47 nationally representative demographic and health surveys.
Article in Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inequality in Childhood Anaemia Among Indian Hindus (2006-2021): A Comparison of Scheduled Castes and Tribes with Upper Castes.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Distribution, socioeconomic inequalities and contributing factors of anaemia prevalence across wealth index among Indian adolescent girls: multivariate decomposition analysis of nationally representative survey.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Article
- Do Ethnicity/Caste-Based Disparities Influence Childhood Anemia in India?Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Machine learning approaches to predict maternal anemia and Identifying associated factors among pregnant women in Sub-Saharan Africa.Journal of public health research · 2026Article
- Prevalence and determinants of anaemia among pregnant women using biomass fuel in rural Tamil Nadu: a cross-sectional study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Anemia in adolescent girls in a northern mountainous province of Vietnam: A analytical cross-sectional study among 805 participants.Journal of public health research · 2025Article
- Impacts of Ambient Temperatures on Pediatric Anemia in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Regional Ecological Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Anemia in Early Childhood and Associated Factors in Ecuador: An Analysis From a Health Social Determinants Model.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Burden and determinants of anaemia among in-school young adolescents in Ethiopia, Sudan and Tanzania.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Article
- Anaemia among school-going adolescents in Burkina Faso: Prevalence and associated factors.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Article
- Anaemia and iron deficiency in India: a venous blood-based survey of adolescents, adults, and the elderly in eight states.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Article
- Childhood Anemia in Mozambique: A Multilevel Mixed-Effects Analysis of 2011-2022/23 Population-Based Surveys.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Factors affecting nutritional status among children aged below five years in Rwanda's Western and Southern Provinces.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Childhood undernutrition mediates the relationship between open defecation with anemia among Ethiopian children: a nationally representative cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Employing supervised machine learning algorithms for classification and prediction of anemia among youth girls in Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Household environment associated with anaemia among children aged 6-59 months in Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis of Ethiopia demographic and health survey (2005-2016).BMC public health · 2024Article
- Determinants and spatial factors of anemia in women of reproductive age in Democratic Republic of Congo (drc): a Bayesian multilevel ordinal logistic regression model approach.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Anaemia among adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women in the southern rural region of Bangladesh: Prevalence and risk factors.PloS one · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Globally, no countries are on track to achieve the adopted global nutrition targets set for anemia in 2025. Given the linkages between water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and nutrition, this secondary data analysis explores potential associations with anemia. Forty-seven demographic and health surveys were used to explore the association between unimproved water and sanitation and anemia in women and children with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) calculated by country and cumulatively. In over 60% of countries, children with off-premises water access had significantly increased odds of anemia. In over a quarter of countries, children exposed to surface water had higher odds of anemia. In Burundi, children were 1.65 times more likely to be anemic when reported to be living in households using surface water. However, in India, a protective effect was noted (adjusted OR: 0.70, P < 0.001) for surface water. In 60% and 65% of countries, women and children exposed to an open sanitation facility had higher odds of being anemic, respectively. There is evidence of an association between selected water and sanitation indicators and anemia. Promoting policies, practices and research that strengthen access to improved WASH should be considered for reducing anemia prevalence alongside standard nutrition interventions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.