Trial reportInvestigational new drugs2019
Phase II trial of continuous treatment with sunitinib in patients with high-risk (BCG-refractory) non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.
Trial report in Investigational new drugs, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01118351 (Phase II Single Arm, Open Label, Single Institution Study of Continuous Sunitinib), which is not on this map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase II Single Arm, Open Label, Single Institution Study of Continuous Sunitinib (Sutent) in Patients With High-Risk (BCG-Refractory) Superficial Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC) of the Bladder
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bladder-sparing strategies for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer after bacillus Calmette-Guérin failure: a systematic review.BMJ oncology · 2026Article
- BCG therapy in bladder cancer and its tumor microenvironment interactions.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Harnessing myeloid cells in cancer.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Recent Advancement in Drug Designing as Small Molecules in Targeted Cancer Therapy: Challenges and Future Directions.Current cancer drug targets · 2025Review
- Bioinformatics-based screening and analysis of the key genes involved in the influence of antiangiogenesis on myeloid-derived suppressor cells and their effects on the immune microenvironment.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2024Article
- Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer and cancer therapy.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2024Review
- SUMOylation-Driven mRNA Circularization Enhances Translation and Promotes Lymphatic Metastasis of Bladder Cancer.Cancer research · 2024Article
- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Refractory Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC): Current Guidance and Experience from Clinical Practice.Research and reports in urology · 2024Review
- Targeted Therapy in Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer-Clinical Updates.Archives of pharmacology and therapeutics · 2024Article
- Experimental and New Approaches for Bladder Preservation in Intermediate and High-Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC).Research and reports in urology · 2024Review
- Local Drug Delivery in Bladder Cancer: Advances of Nano/Micro/Macro-Scale Drug Delivery Systems.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Targeted therapies in bladder cancer: signaling pathways, applications, and challenges.MedComm · 2023Review
- BCG-Unresponsive Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Current Treatment Landscape and Novel Emerging Molecular Targets.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The recent progress of myeloid-derived suppressor cell and its targeted therapies in cancers.MedComm · 2023Review
- Counteracting Immunosenescence-Which Therapeutic Strategies Are Promising?Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Coordinated Regulation of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells by Cytokines and Chemokines.Cancers · 2022Review
- Role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the formation of pre-metastatic niche.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Biomarker-Oriented Therapy in Bladder and Renal Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells: Implications in the Resistance of Malignant Tumors to T Cell-Based Immunotherapy.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- Molecular targets for anticancer therapies in companion animals and humans: what can we learn from each other?Theranostics · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose Sunitinib is a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitor with antitumor activity against bladder cancer. We hypothesized that treatment with sunitinib may decrease progression or recurrence in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) refractory to intra-vesical BCG. Patients and Methods This is a single-arm phase II study of sunitinib in patients (pts) with NMIBC who progressed after BCG. Treatment included sunitinib 37.5 g daily for 12 weeks followed by 12± 2-week cystoscopy and surveillance for one year. The primary endpoint was the complete response rate at 12 months. Secondary endpoints included recurrence free survival (RFS), progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety of sunitinib. Correlative studies on effects of sunitinib on myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and humoral immune responses were also performed. This trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01118351. Results Between June 2011 and September 2011, 15/19 pts. completed 12 weeks of therapy. The remaining 4 pts. had treatment related adverse events leading to discontinuation of sunitinib with one patient withdrawing consent. On the 12-week cystoscopy, 44% (8/18) of the pts. showed remission, 50% (9/18) progression and 1/18 recurrence. Overall, 22% (4/18) of pts. remained free of progression for >12 months. Grade (G) 4 toxicities were noted in 2 pts. (anemia and thrombocytopenia) while G3 were noted in 58%. Sunitinib resulted in reversal of MDSC mediated immunosuppression. Conclusions In NMIBC refractory to BCG, treatment with sunitinib was safe but not associated with improved clinical outcomes. The immune effects of sunitinib deserve further investigation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.