ReviewFrontiers in public health2019
Biological Effects of Thermal Water-Associated Hydrogen Sulfide on Human Airways and Associated Immune Cells: Implications for Respiratory Diseases.
Review in Frontiers in public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beneficial effects of thermal waters on respiratory diseases: a systematic review.International journal of biometeorology · 2025Pooled it
- Recent Advances in Molecular Research on Hydrogen Sulfide (HInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Clinical efficacy of medical hydrology: an umbrella review.International journal of biometeorology · 2021Pooled it
- Hydrogen sulfide in respiratory health: therapeutic insights from sulfur-rich thermal waters.Medical gas research · 2026Article
- Physical activity patterns and vaccination attitudes among thermal spa attendees: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Hypertonic thermal solutions as a putative strategy for respiratory biofilm disruption.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2026Article
- Natural Sulfur Compounds in Mineral Waters: Implications for Human Health and Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Hydrogen Sulfide in Balneology: Physiology, Evidence, and Clinical Translation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Comprehensive review of dermatological and cosmeceutical manifestations of thermal water and future insights.International journal of biometeorology · 2025Review
- The Janus Face of Oxidative Stress and Hydrogen Sulfide: Insights into Neurodegenerative Disease Pathogenesis.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Emerging Evidence on Balneotherapy and Thermal Interventions in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Thermal Water Reduces the Inflammatory Process Induced by the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in Human Airway Epithelial Cells In Vitro.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Unravelling the benefits of thermal waters enhancing oral health: a pilot study.BMC oral health · 2024Observational
- Hydrogen sulfide inhibits skeletal muscle ageing by up-regulating autophagy through promoting deubiquitination of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase α1 via ubiquitin specific peptidase 5.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2024Article
- The Impact of Thermal Water in Asthma and COPD: A Systematic Review According to the PRISMA Statement.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- A Novel Bionebulizer Approach to Study the Effects of Natural Mineral Water on a 3D In Vitro Nasal Model from Allergic Rhinitis Patients.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Utility of NO and HNitric oxide : biology and chemistry · 2022Review
- Reactive Sulfur Compounds in the Fight against COVID-19.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Health management of patients with COVID-19: is there a room for hydrotherapeutic approaches?International journal of biometeorology · 2022Review
- Balneotherapy year in review 2021: focus on the mechanisms of action of balneotherapy in rheumatic diseases.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Natural mineral (thermal) waters have been used for centuries as treatment for various diseases. However, the scientific background of such therapeutic action is mostly empiric and based on knowledge acquired over time. Among the various types of natural mineral waters, sulfurous thermal waters (STWs) are the most common type in the center of Portugal. STWs are characterized by high pH, poor mineralization, and the presence of several ions and salts, such as bicarbonate, sodium, fluoride, silica, and carbonate. Furthermore, these waters are indicated as a good option for the treatment of various illnesses, namely respiratory diseases (e.g., allergic rhinitis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). From the sulfide species present in these waters, hydrogen sulfide (H
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.