ReviewFrontiers in immunology2019
On Analyzing How the Th1/Th2 Phenotype of an Immune Response Is Determined: Classical Observations Must Not Be Ignored.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Virus-directed CAR immunotherapies for chronic HBV and HIV: a systematic synthesis of preclinical and early clinical evidences.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Evaluation of new adjuvants in enhancing the immune response to a candidate of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus vaccine.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Telomere shortening correlates with immune dysregulation and severity in pulmonary tuberculosis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Silicone breast implant-associated pathologies and T cell-mediated responses.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Review
- Enhancing functional antibody responses against HIV envelope V1V2 through vaccine formulations.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The information overload, immunology and their relationship to world health.Open biology · 2025Review
- Characterization of mitochondrial metabolism related molecular subtypes and immune infiltration in colorectal adenocarcinoma.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A Four-Gene Panel for the Prediction of Prognosis and Immune Cell Enrichment in Gliomas.Molecular biotechnology · 2024Article
- An overview of the regulatory role of annexin A1 in the tumor microenvironment and its prospective clinical application (Review).International journal of oncology · 2024Review
- Screening for lipid nanoparticles that modulate the immune activity of helper T cells towards enhanced antitumour activity.Nature biomedical engineering · 2024Article
- Article
- Coal-Derived Humic Substances: Insight into Chemical Structure Parameters and Biomedical Properties.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Targeting MELK improves PD-1 blockade efficiency in cervical cancer via enhancing antitumor immunity.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2024Article
- S6P mutation in Delta and Omicron variant spike protein significantly enhances the efficacy of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Development of a nano-emulsion based multivalent protein subunit vaccine againstFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Article
- Experimental evidence of parasite-induced behavioural alterations modulated by food availability in wild capuchin monkeys.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The Role of Microbiota-Derived Vitamins in Immune Homeostasis and Enhancing Cancer Immunotherapy.Cancers · 2023Review
- Insight into SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant immune escape possibility and variant independent potential therapeutic opportunities.Heliyon · 2023Review
- A Framework for Understanding Maternal Immunity.Immunology and allergy clinics of North America · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
How an antigen interacts differently with lymphocytes and other cells of the immune system, to result in the generation of distinct classes of immunity, is one of the most basic questions of immune regulation. Understanding the nature of these "decision criteria" is central to developing effective medical interventions. Clinical observations lead to the recognition that much disease is due to an inappropriate class of immunity being generated, inappropriate because damaging, as in autoimmunity and allergies, or inappropriate because ineffective, against pathogens and cancer. I argue that the prevalent, contemporary conceptual frameworks, employed to analyze the nature of the decision criterion controlling the Th1/Th2 phenotype of the immune response, are implausible, as they ignore pertinent, classical observations. I outline reasons for favoring a different framework, that takes these observations into account, and explore its pertinence to the design of strategies of medical intervention.
Indexed as
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.