ReviewFrontiers in immunology2019
Killer Ig-Like Receptors (KIRs): Their Role in NK Cell Modulation and Developments Leading to Their Clinical Exploitation.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 254 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
254 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 375 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association study between killer immunoglobulin-like receptor polymorphisms and susceptibility to COVID-19 disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Immunologic research · 2024Pooled it
- Beta-Glucan Supplementation Improves Clinical Outcomes and Preserves Immune Homeostasis in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors Receiving Chemotherapy: A Prospective Phase II Randomized Three-Arm Clinical Trial.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Trial
- Immunotherapy in pediatric bone sarcomas: Current progress and future directions.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- NKR-P1A/CD161: A Multifunctional Immune Receptor at the Crossroads of Antitumor Immunity.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Natural Killer Cells Dominate the Hyperacute Lymphocyte Response to Major Trauma and Are Associated with Organ Dysfunction.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- High KIR diversity in Uganda and Botswana children living with HIV.Human immunology · 2026Article
- Natural Killer Cell Plasticity in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer and Their Therapeutic Implications.Cells · 2026Review
- Graph-KIR: graph-based KIR copy number estimation and allele calling using short-read sequencing data.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Co-regulation of HIV control and cytomegalovirus pp65-specific IL-1β and TNF-α responses by genetic variants in the MHC region.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- PTPN1/PTPN2 inhibition improves NK cancer therapy by enhancing IL-2 and mitigating TGFβ1 responses.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Nanoparticles-enhanced CAR-T cell therapy: current advances and future directions.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- The transformative impact of ultra-rapid nanopore sequencing in precision medicine.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Beyond KIR and NKG2A blockade: reprogramming NK-cell immunity in solid tumors.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Developing immunotherapies through glycosylation reprogramming to combat solid cancers.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Designing universal T cell therapies: strategies to evade natural killer cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Global patterns of KIR genotype diversity reflect human migration and regional differences.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Dynamics of checkpoint receptors in γδ T cell subsets are associated with clinical response during anti-PD-1 immunotherapies.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Ovarian cancer metastasis to the human omentum disrupts organ homeostasis and induces fundamental tissue reprogramming.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Exosomal SNHG26 mediates immunosuppression by impairing NK cells in tongue cancer.NPJ precision oncology · 2025Article
- MicroRNA-mediated regulation of natural killer cells development, effector functions, and antitumor responses.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
194 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells contribute to the first line of defense against viruses and to the control of tumor growth and metastasis spread. The discovery of HLA class I specific inhibitory receptors, primarily of killer Ig-like receptors (KIRs), and of activating receptors has been fundamental to unravel NK cell function and the molecular mechanisms of tumor cell killing. Stemmed from the seminal discoveries in early '90s, in which Alessandro Moretta was the major actor, an extraordinary amount of research on KIR specificity, genetics, polymorphism, and repertoire has followed. These basic notions on NK cells and their receptors have been successfully translated to clinical applications, primarily to the haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to cure otherwise fatal leukemia in patients with no HLA compatible donors. The finding that NK cells may express the PD-1 inhibitory checkpoint, particularly in cancer patients, may allow understanding how anti-PD-1 therapy could function also in case of HLA class I
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.