ArticleFrontiers in immunology2019
Tear Lactoferrin and Lysozyme as Clinically Relevant Biomarkers of Mucosal Immune Competence.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Temporal Variations in Inflammatory-Related Ocular Surface Parameters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Pooled it
- Analysis of Antimicrobial Peptide Expression Under Acute and Chronic Alcohol Exposure: A Cross-Sectional Study and a Systematic Review of the Literature.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Tear-fluid-derived biomarkers of ocular complications in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Nature-inspired biomaterial innovations to counter medical device-associated infections.Biomaterials science · 2026Review
- Synergistic Effects of Auranofin and Lysozyme Against Staphylococcus Aureus.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Tear fluid database: a reference website for tear fluid proteomics.Database : the journal of biological databases and curation · 2026Article
- Ocular social jetlag: a driver of immune-metabolic dysfunction in dry eye disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Comprehensive Characterization of the Viscoelastic Properties of Bovine Submaxillary Mucin (BSM) Hydrogels and the Effect of Additives.Biomacromolecules · 2024Article
- Development, Optimization, and Clinical Relevance of Lactoferrin Delivery Systems: A Focus on Ocular Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Lactoferrin, the Moonlighting Protein of Innate Immunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Longitudinal changes in tear cytokines and antimicrobial proteins in trachomatous disease.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Dysregulated Iron Homeostasis as Common Disease Etiology and Promising Therapeutic Target.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Biomedical Applications of Lactoferrin on the Ocular Surface.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Analysis and comparison of tear protein profiles in dogs using different tear collection methods.BMC veterinary research · 2022Article
- Role of surfactant protein-D in ocular bacterial infection.International ophthalmology · 2022Review
- Immunomodulatory Effect of Human Lactoferrin on Toll-like Receptors 2 Expression as Therapeutic Approach for Keratoconus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Lysozyme Protects Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection and Inflammation in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Article
- A Review of Emerging Tear Proteomics Research on the Ocular Surface in Ocular Allergy.Biology · 2022Review
- Host Defense Peptides at the Ocular Surface: Roles in Health and Major Diseases, and Therapeutic Potentials.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
- Protein expression of the tear film of domestic cats before and after inoculation with Toxoplasma gondii.BMC veterinary research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tears have attracted interest as a minimally-invasive biological fluid from which to assess biomarkers. Lactoferrin (Lf) and lysozyme (Lys) are abundant in the tear fluid and have antimicrobial properties. Since the eye is a portal for infection transmission, assessment of immune status at the ocular surface may be clinically relevant. Therefore, the aim of this series of studies was to investigate the tear fluid antimicrobial proteins (AMPs) Lf and Lys as biomarkers of mucosal immune status. To be considered biomarkers of interest, we would expect tear AMPs to respond to stressors known to perturb immunity but be robust to confounding variables, and to be lower in participants with heightened risk or incidence of illness. We investigated the relationship between tear AMPs and upper respiratory tract infection (URTI; study 1) as well as the response of tear AMPs to prolonged treadmill exercise (study 2) and dehydration (study 3). Study 1 was a prospective cohort study conducted during the common cold season whereas studies 2 and 3 used repeated-measures crossover designs. In study 1, tear Lys concentration (C) as well as tear AMP secretion rates (SRs) were lower in individuals who reported pathogen-confirmed URTI (
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