Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31231290›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in psychology2019

The Validation of the Free Fantasy Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents: From Imaginary Playmate to "Dreamtime".

Renato Donfrancesco, Claudio Vezzani, Giuliana Pinto, Lucia Bigozzi, Angela Dibenedetto, Maria Grazia Melegari, Paola Gregori, Elda Andriola, Francesca Di Roma, Alessia Renzi and 2 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact, top 92% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Renato DonfrancescoDepartment of Education Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy.
Claudio VezzaniDepartments of Languages, Literatures and Intercultural Studies and Education and Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Giuliana PintoDepartments of Languages, Literatures and Intercultural Studies and Education and Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Lucia BigozziDepartments of Languages, Literatures and Intercultural Studies and Education and Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Angela DibenedettoWalden Institute, Rome, Italy.
Maria Grazia MelegariDepartment of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Paola GregoriNational Health System, "La Scarpetta" Center, Rome, Italy.
Elda AndriolaDepartment of Human Science, LUMSA University, Rome, Italy.
Francesca Di RomaASL 1 Avezzano Sulmona L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
Alessia RenziDepartment of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Renata TambelliDepartment of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Michela Di TraniDepartment of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Sapienza University of Rome · ITUniversity of Florence · ITLibera Università Maria SS. Assunta · ITRoma Tre University · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Fantasy in children is a precocious and important skill. In normal subjects some imaginative events, very close to hallucinations (perception-like experiences), have been found. Therefore, a better knowledge on both fantasy and the difference between imagination and the external world is needed. The aims of this study are: (a) to validate a new questionnaire for fantasy in children and adolescents; (b) to test its clinical application in ADHD children. 1.707 participants aged 8-18 years were enrolled: 1557 were recruited from a survey in six schools, whereas 150 participants were recruited in an ADHD Center. They filled out a new questionnaire, the Free Fantasy Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents, FFQ. Statistical analyses were performed to validate the FFQ and to study five parameters of fantasy. Analyses showed good properties of the FFQ as regards factor structure and reliability. Descriptive analysis showed that: 10% of the adolescents frequently have fantasy with paracosmos and 9.5% sometimes have a fantasy with imaginary relatives. Moreover, in the 64.3% of participants of primary school, in the 34.5% of lower-secondary, and in the 27.4% of upper-secondary school Perception-like experiences, involving invisible but real personages, were found. Quality of fantasy and Lack of control on imagination are correlated with a high score in the Reality/Unreality Dimension and Perception-like experiences. As regards ADHD participants, the 40% of the group showed Perception-like experiences: the 21.66% of them reported a very high score in the dimension Reality/Unreality, have some dissociative symptoms, and the 3.33% presented a clear dissociative identity disorder. All were free from psychosis or neurologic disorders. A new questionnaire to study fantasy in children and adolescents was validated. Many children and adolescents of the general population declared Perception-like experiences. These events seem to be specific, and probably normal, features of the mind; they could be better named as "Dreamtime," whereas only in extreme conditions they could represent a risk for dissociation.

Indexed as

adolescentschildrenfantasyquestionnairereality/unreality

Identifiers

PMID31231290
PMCPMC6567922
OpenAlexW2948256296

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.