ArticleEnvironmental monitoring and assessment2019
Microbiological safety of popular recreation swimming sites in Central California.
Article in Environmental monitoring and assessment, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Seasonally Varying Effects of Improved Water, Sanitation, and Handwashing Interventions onOpen forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Seasonally varying effects of improved water, sanitation and handwashing interventions on Giardia infection in Bangladesh.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- The mediatory role of water quality on the association between extreme precipitation events and infectious diarrhea in the Yangtze River Basin, China.Fundamental research · 2024Article
- Environmental Factors Associated withPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Low to Zero Concentrations of Airborne Bacterial Pathogens and IndicatorMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Diverse Genotypes and Species ofMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- The Mucosal Innate Immune Response toFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Prevalence and Genotypes of Cryptosporidium in Wildlife Populations Co-Located in a Protected Watershed in the Pacific Northwest, 2013 to 2016.Microorganisms · 2020Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The objective of the study was to assess the microbiological safety of popular recreational swimming sites in Central California. Water samples were collected from eleven monitoring sites across the lower reaches of two watersheds for two consecutive swimming seasons (2012-2013), and levels of indicator and pathogenic microorganisms were determined. Data on ambient weather and water chemistry were collected for analyzing their associations with microorganisms in water. All water samples were positive for indicator E. coli with mean concentrations per site ranging from 3.07 to 216.11 MPN/100 ml in 2012 and 13.4 to 226.97 MPN/100 ml in 2013. Mean E. coli concentrations in 27% and 36% samplings sites exceeded the EPA 2012 Recreational Water Quality Criteria recommended mean concentration of ≤ 126 CFU/100 ml of E. coli, in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were detected in all water samples from all sampling sites, with an overall prevalence of 50% and mean concentrations of 0.08 oocysts/l in 2012 and 0.19 oocysts/l in 2013. Giardia spp. cysts were detected at eight sites, with an overall prevalence of 28.8% and mean concentration of 0.2 cysts/l in both years. The majority of the detected Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts and Giardia spp. cysts appeared damaged under microscopy. E. coli O157:H7 was detected in 9% of water samples, with positive samples limited to three sites. Salmonella spp. were detected in all but one site across the two years, with mean concentrations of 0.94 MPN/l in 2012 and 1.85 MPN/l in 2013. Cryptosporidium spp. oocyst concentrations were negatively associated with 30-day mean wind speed and cumulative precipitation and dissolved oxygen in water. Giardia spp. cyst concentrations were positively associated with turbidity and pH of water and negatively associated with E. coli concentrations and 24-h mean air temperature. Salmonella spp. concentrations were positively associated with 30-day mean air temperature. The occurrence of E. coli O157:H7 was positively associated with previous 30-day cumulative precipitation.
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