ArticleEnvironmental research2019
Prenatal air pollution and childhood IQ: Preliminary evidence of effect modification by folate.
Article in Environmental research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Portable HEPA Filter Air Cleaner Use during Pregnancy and Children's Cognitive Performance at Four Years of Age: The UGAAR Randomized Controlled Trial.Environmental health perspectives · 2022Trial
- Revisiting 'environmental effects': Directions for multidisciplinary investigations of air quality and psychopathology.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2026Article
- Prenatal experience of greater neighborhood disadvantage is associated with altered fetal volumetric brain growth in utero.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2026Article
- Maternal environmental exposure and early-life health risks: The modulating role of nutritional status-A scoping review.iScience · 2026Review
- Air pollution exposures in early life and brain development in children (ABC): protocol for a pregnancy cohort study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2025Observational
- Life-course exposure to air pollution and the risk of dementia in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Excess prenatal folic acid supplementation alters cortical DNA methylation and gene expression networks.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Maternal multivitamin supplementation mitigates the risk of fetal congenital heart disease associated with high indoor total volatile organic compounds exposure in east china: a case-control study.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2024Article
- Invited Perspective: Protect and Serve-The Potential Role of Folate in Lead Risk Reduction.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- A model for rapid PMGeoscientific model development · 2024Article
- Prototype of Monitoring Transportation Pollution Spikes through the Internet of Things Edge Networks.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Effectiveness of a covered oil-free cooking process on the abatement of air pollutants from cooking meats.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Disparities in Toxic Chemical Exposures and Associated Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Scoping Review and Systematic Evidence Map of the Epidemiological Literature.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Prenatal exposure to environmental air pollution and psychosocial stress jointly contribute to the epigenetic regulation of the serotonin transporter gene in newborns.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Article
- Prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years of age.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2023Article
- B vitamin intakes modify the association between particulate air pollutants and incidence of all-cause dementia: Findings from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2022Article
- Cohort profile: the ECHO prenatal and early childhood pathways to health consortium (ECHO-PATHWAYS).BMJ open · 2022Article
- Maternal Folate Status and the Relation between Gestational Arsenic Exposure and Child Health Outcomes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- In-utero exposure to indoor air pollution or tobacco smoke and cognitive development in a South African birth cohort study.The Science of the total environment · 2022Article
- Health Outcomes in Children Associated with Prenatal and Early-Life Exposures to Air Pollution: A Narrative Review.Toxics · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesAnimal studies suggest that air pollution is neurotoxic to a developing fetus, but evidence in humans is limited. We tested the hypothesis that higher air pollution is associated with lower child IQ and that effects vary by maternal and child characteristics, including prenatal nutrition.
methodsWe used prospective data collected from the Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood study. Outdoor pollutant exposure during pregnancy was predicted at geocoded home addresses using a validated national universal kriging model that combines ground-based monitoring data with an extensive database of land-use covariates. Distance to nearest major roadway was also used as a proxy for traffic-related pollution. Our primary outcome was full-scale IQ measured at age 4-6. In regression models, we adjusted for multiple determinants of child neurodevelopment and assessed interactions between air pollutants and child sex, race, socioeconomic status, reported nutrition, and maternal plasma folate in second trimester.
resultsIn our analytic sample (N = 1005) full-scale IQ averaged 2.5 points (95% CI: 0.1, 4.8) lower per 5 μg/m
conclusionsOur findings strengthen evidence that air pollution impairs fetal neurodevelopment and suggest a potentially important role of maternal folate in modifying these effects.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.