ArticleToxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology2019
The neutralization efficacy of expired polyvalent antivenoms: An alternative option.
Article in Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Stability and Efficacy of Medicines Beyond Their Expiration Dates: A Systematic Review.Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science · 2026Pooled it
- Nature's antivenom: Combinations of conserved rattlesnake serum metalloproteinase inhibitors block the lethal action of viper venoms.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Early Clinical Approach Prevents Severe Neurotoxicity Following Cobra Envenoming: An Integrated Experimental and Multi-Center Clinical Study in Thailand.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Investigating Snake-Venom-Induced Dermonecrosis and Inflammation Using an Ex Vivo Human Skin Model.Toxins · 2024Article
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- Snakebite drug discovery: high-throughput screening to identify novel snake venom metalloproteinase toxin inhibitors.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
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- What is the impact of snakebite envenoming on domestic animals? A nation-wide community-based study in Nepal and Cameroon.Toxicon: X · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The expense of production and distribution of snakebite antivenom, as well as its relatively infrequent use, has caused antivenom to be increasingly difficult to obtain and ultimately producing an alarming global shortage. Unused, expired antivenom may represent a significant, untapped resource to ameliorate this crisis. This study examines the efficacy of expired antivenom over time using in vitro, whole blood clotting, and platelet function statistics. Representatives from three years for four different global brands of polyvalent antivenom were chosen and tested against their corresponding venoms as well as other venoms that could display cross-reactivity. These antivenoms include Wyeth Polyvalent (U.S.; exp. 1997, 2001, 2003), Antivipmyn
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.