ArticleBiochemical pharmacology2019
Enterobactin, an iron chelating bacterial siderophore, arrests cancer cell proliferation.
Article in Biochemical pharmacology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Optimization, characterization and biological activity of siderophore produced by marine Streptomyces coelicolor.PloS one · 2026Article
- Metagenomic analyses reveal E. coli-derived siderophores as potential signatures for breast cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- Transmetalation in Cancer Pharmacology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Unlocking the microbial treasure trove: advances in Streptomyces derived secondary metabolites in the battle against cancer.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Mechanistic insights into gut microbe derived siderophores and PHD2 interactions with implications for HIF-1α stabilization.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Characterization and Statistical Optimization of Enterobatin Synthesized by Escherichia coli OQ866153.Biochemical genetics · 2024Article
- Iron chelators: as therapeutic agents in diseases.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Review
- Opportunities and challenges of microbial siderophores in the medical field.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2023Review
- Ferroptosis As a Mechanism for Health Effects of Essential Trace Elements and Potentially Toxic Trace Elements.Biological trace element research · 2023Review
- High-Throughput Sequencing Reveals ThatJournal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Catechol siderophores framed on 2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl-L-serine fromFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Induction of Iron Stress in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines by Siderophore of Aspergillus nidulans Towards Promising Anticancer Effect.Biological trace element research · 2022Article
- Harnessing microbial iron chelators to develop innovative therapeutic agents.Journal of advanced research · 2022Review
- Iron Overload and Breast Cancer: Iron Chelation as a Potential Therapeutic Approach.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Understanding the Potential and Risk of Bacterial Siderophores in Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Article
- Enterobactin induces the chemokine, interleukin-8, from intestinal epithelia by chelating intracellular iron.Gut microbes · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Iron is essential for many biological functions, including being a cofactor for enzymes involved in cell proliferation. In line, it has been shown that cancer cells can perturb their iron metabolism towards retaining an abundant iron supply for growth and survival. Accordingly, it has been suggested that iron deprivation through the use of iron chelators could attenuate cancer progression. While they have exhibited anti-tumor properties in vitro, the current therapeutic iron chelators are inadequate due to their low efficacy. Therefore, we investigated whether the bacterial catecholate-type siderophore, enterobactin (Ent), could be used as a potent anti-cancer agent given its strong iron chelation property. We demonstrated that iron-free Ent can exert cytotoxic effects specifically towards monocyte-related tumor cell lines (RAW264.7 and J774A.1), but not primary cells, i.e. bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), through two mechanisms. First, we observed that RAW264.7 and J774A.1 cells preserve a bountiful intracellular labile iron pool (LIP), whose homeostasis can be disrupted by Ent. This may be due, in part, to the lower levels of lipocalin 2 (Lcn2; an Ent-binding protein) in these cell lines, whereas the higher levels of Lcn2 in BMDMs could prevent Ent from hindering their LIP. Secondly, we observed that Ent could dose-dependently impede reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the mitochondria. Such disruption in LIP balance and mitochondrial function may in turn promote cancer cell apoptosis. Collectively, our study highlights Ent as an anti-cancer siderophore, which can be exploited as an unique agent for cancer therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.