ReviewEating and weight disorders : EWD2019
Shedding light upon various tools to assess orthorexia nervosa: a critical literature review with a systematic search.
Review in Eating and weight disorders : EWD, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A COSMIN-based systematic review of the measurement properties of cross-cultural versions of the orthorexia nervosa inventory.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Overall proportion of orthorexia nervosa symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis including 30 476 individuals from 18 countries.Journal of global health · 2023Pooled it
- Multidimensional body image and self-esteem: a latent profile analysis differentiating orthorexia nervosa and exercise addiction from disordered eating.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- From health to harm: Cross-sectional analysis of factors associated with orthorexia nervosa.Neuroscience applied · 2026Article
- Food Neophobia and Two Facets of Orthorexia Among Women: Cross-Sectional Study.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Nutritional knowledge, insulin resistance, and the risk of orthorexia nervosa: a comparative cross-sectional study among polish women.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Factors associated with food label use: focus on healthy aspects of orthorexia and orthorexia nervosa.Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2024Article
- Reliability generalization meta-analysis of orthorexia nervosa using the ORTO-11/12/15/R scale in all populations and language versions.Journal of eating disorders · 2024Article
- Measuring Pathological and Nonpathological Orthorexic Behavior: Validation of the Teruel Orthorexia Scale (TOS) among Polish Adults.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Turkish Version of the New Instrument for Orthorexia Nervosa-Test of Orthorexia Nervosa (TON-17): A Validity and Reliability Study.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Healthy orthorexia vs. orthorexia nervosa: Italian validation of the Teruel Orthorexia Scale (TOS).Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2023Article
- Article
- The prevalence of orthorexia in exercising populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of eating disorders · 2023Review
- Overlap of orthorexia, eating attitude and psychological distress in some Italian and Spanish university students.World journal of psychiatry · 2022Article
- Orthorexia Nervosa, Eating Disorders, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Selective Review of the Last Seven Years.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Orthorexia nervosa, mindful eating, and perfectionism: an exploratory investigation.Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2022Article
- What do Italian healthcare professionals think about orthorexia nervosa? Results from a multicenter survey.Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2022Article
- Orthorexia nervosa and dieting in a non-clinical sample: a prospective study.Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2022Article
- Orthorexia nervosa: replication and validation of the ORTO questionnaires translated into Greek in a survey of 848 Greek individuals.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2022Article
- Use of online and paper-and-pencil questionnaires to assess the distribution of orthorexia nervosa, muscle dysmorphia and eating disorders among university students: can different approaches lead to different results?Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimThe aim of this literature review was to identify the tools developed and used to assess orthorexia nervosa (ON).
methodsA systematic search was executed in PubMed, Biomed Central, and PsycINFO. The final list included 70 articles that were critically analyzed.
resultsA total of six tools were reported to assess ON: the BOT, the ORTO-15, the EHQ, the DOS, the BOS, and the TOS. The tools were based upon different conceptualizations of ON and of its diagnostic criteria. Although they were different, all the conceptualizations derived from the initial definition of ON provided by Bratman in 1997. None of the methodologies adopted for tool construction considered end users or client perspectives and, when carried out, the validations of the tools were fragmented and often based on specific populations.
conclusionThis study may be a starting point for the construction of a new diagnostic tool for ON. Starting from the methodological weaknesses identified by this review, it was possible to derive some suggestions for future research: (a) developing a modern re-conceptualization of ON, comprehensive of end-user perspectives; (b) adopting qualitative data collection techniques to gain insights into how to diagnose ON; and (c) actively involving diverse stakeholders for constructing a new tool. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level of Evidence: I, systematic review.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.