Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31228056›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental science and pollution research international2019

Assessment of health risks associated with potentially toxic element contamination of soil by end-of-life ship dismantling in Bangladesh.

Iftakharul Alam, Suman Barua, Kento Ishii, Satoshi Mizutani, Mohammad Mosharraf Hossain, Ismail M M Rahman, Hiroshi Hasegawa

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Environmental science and pollution research international, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Iftakharul AlamGraduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
Suman BaruaGraduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
Kento IshiiGraduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
Satoshi MizutaniGraduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Sugimoto 3-3-138, Sumiyoshi-Ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.
Mohammad Mosharraf HossainInstitute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh. mosharraf@ifescu.ac.bd.
Ismail M M RahmanInstitute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan. immrahman@ipc.fukushima-u.ac.jp.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8084-5190
Hiroshi HasegawaInstitute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan. hhiroshi@se.kanazawa-u.ac.jp.

Funding

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 15H05118Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 17K00622Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 18H03399
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Ship breaking and recycling industry (SBRI) loops back scarce ferrous and non-ferrous materials from dismantled ships and also renews the global shipping fleet by treating the end-of-life (EoL) ships. Currently, SBRIs in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan are dismantling the majority of the EoL ships by open beaching method. Accordingly, ship dismantling carries the blame of releasing potentially toxic elements (PTEs) to the coastal and marine environment risking the food chain through potential bioaccumulation and biomagnification. Health risk assessment associated with PTEs from open beach ship dismantling is scarce. This study aimed at assessing concentrations and seasonal variations of PTEs in soils exposed to the activities of SBRIs for their source apportionment by using contamination factor (CF) and multivariate statistical analysis, while carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks due to the PTEs have also been determined. Soil samples were collected twice-during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons-from three working zones of each of the 15 different ship breaking yards spanning the entire SBRI zone in Bangladesh. Soil contamination was assessed by using the CF, and inverse distance weighting interpolation mapping showed the spatial distribution of metals at SBRI zone in Bangladesh. Multivariate statistical analysis, principal component analysis, and correlation matrix yielded the source apportionment of PTEs. Subsequently, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks were assessed following the approach recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) with uncertainty estimation through Monte Carlo simulation. Contamination levels of PTEs followed Cd > Zn > Cr > Cu > Pb > Ni > Mn > As. Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Mn, and Zn were higher than the maximum allowable regulatory limits at storage zone and also higher as compared with the beaching and cutting zones in general. The contamination index indicated extreme Cd contamination in the area with elevated levels in pre-monsoon. Two principal components (PC) were identified-PC1 (Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn) and PC2 (As, Cr, Ni) inferring their source segmentation. Indirect soil ingestion is the major possible exposure path to PTEs. The health index indicated the absence of any obvious health effects on the people active at SBRI yards in Bangladesh. The carcinogenic risk was for 6 to 7 persons per 100,000 people which was within the USEPA acceptable range.

Indexed as

ShipsBangladeshCarcinogensEnvironmental ExposureEnvironmental MonitoringHumansIndustryMetals, HeavyMultivariate AnalysisOccupational ExposureRecyclingRisk AssessmentSeasonsSoil PollutantsCarcinogensMetals, HeavySoil PollutantsEnd-of-life shipsHealth risksOpen beachingPotentially toxic elementsShip breaking

Identifiers

PMID31228056

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.