SynthesisBMJ open2019
Socioeconomic circumstances and respiratory function from childhood to early adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guideline
- The impact of neighbourhood material and social disadvantage on respiratory health across Canada.The European respiratory journal · 2026Article
- An Investigation of Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna in a Modern Anatomical Body Donor Population.Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- The Developmental Origins of Asthma and COPD.Annual review of physiology · 2026Review
- Development of the Respiratory System During Adolescence.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Lung Function in a Multiethnic U.S. Cohort of Adolescents and Adults Born Preterm in the New BPD Era.Pediatric pulmonology · 2025Article
- Screen time among kindergarten children in the Australian Capital Territory (including a comparison of First Nations and non-Indigenous children).BMC public health · 2025Article
- Initiatives to improve lung and sleep health in children: Delphi consensus from the pediatrics, pulmonary, and sleep conference.Pediatric pulmonology · 2024Article
- Indices of Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Dysanapsis among Older Adults: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Lung Study.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2024Article
- Social determinants of respiratory health from birth: still of concern in the 21st century?European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2024Review
- Association Between Lung Function of Children and Their Socioeconomic Conditions: A Systematic Review.International journal of general medicine · 2024Review
- Household income unequally affects genetic susceptibility to pulmonary diseases: evidence from bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Race-Specific Spirometry Equations Do Not Improve Models of Dyspnea and Quantitative Chest CT Phenotypes.Chest · 2023Article
- Trend and heterogeneity in forced vital capacity among Chinese students during 1985-2019: results from Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health.Respiratory research · 2023Article
- Use of the Spirometric "Fixed-Ratio" Underdiagnoses COPD in African-Americans in a Longitudinal Cohort Study.Journal of general internal medicine · 2023Article
- Race and Ethnicity in Pulmonary Function Test Interpretation: An Official American Thoracic Society Statement.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2023Article
- Socioeconomic position over the life course and impaired lung function of older adults in Central and Eastern Europe: the HAPIEE study.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2022Article
- Determinants in the Underdiagnosis of COPD in Spain-CONOCEPOC Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Socioeconomic circumstances and lung function growth from early adolescence to early adulthood.Pediatric research · 2021Article
- Prognostic implications of differences in forced vital capacity in black and white US adults: Findings from NHANES III with long-term mortality follow-up.EClinicalMedicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveDisadvantaged socioeconomic circumstances in early life have the potential to impact lung function. Thus, this study aimed to summarise evidence on the association between socioeconomic circumstances and respiratory function from childhood to young adulthood.
designSystematic review and meta-analysis.
methodsFollowing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis guidelines, Medline, ISI-Web of Science and Scopus were searched from inception up to January 2018. Original studies on the association between socioeconomic circumstances and respiratory function in early ages (ie, participants younger than 25 years of age) were investigated. Two investigators independently evaluated articles, applied the exclusion criteria, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A meta-analysis of the standardised mean difference and 95% CI in respiratory function between participants from different socioeconomic circumstances was conducted, using a random-effects model.
resultsThirty-three papers were included in this review and 23 showed that disadvantaged socioeconomic circumstances were significantly associated with reduced respiratory function. The meta-analysis including seven papers showed a significant difference of -0.31 (95% CI -0.42 to -0.21) litres in forced expiratory volume in the first second between children, adolescents and young adults from disadvantaged versus advantaged socioeconomic circumstances. Specifically a difference of -0.31 (95% CI -0.51 to -0.10) litres in girls and -0.43 (95% CI -0.51 to -0.35) litres in boys was observed.
conclusionsChildren, adolescents and young adults from disadvantaged socioeconomic circumstances had lower respiratory function, and boys presented higher respiratory health inequalities. This information contributes to explain the social patterning of respiratory diseases, and might enable health policy makers to tackle respiratory health inequalities at early ages.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.