Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31226704›Full record

ReviewPhysics in medicine and biology2019

Real-time intrafraction motion monitoring in external beam radiotherapy.

Jenny Bertholet, Antje Knopf, Björn Eiben, Jamie McClelland, Alexander Grimwood, Emma Harris, Martin Menten, Per Poulsen, Doan Trang Nguyen, Paul Keall and 1 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Physics in medicine and biology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 112 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
112citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

112 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
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  3. Review
  4. Real-time motion tracking of a gold implant in water by Cherenkov lights.Journal of applied clinical medical physics · 2026
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  11. Observational
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52 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Jenny BertholetJoint Department of Physics, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed.
Antje Knopf
Björn Eiben
Jamie McClelland
Alexander Grimwood
Emma Harris
Martin Menten
Per Poulsen
Doan Trang Nguyen
Paul Keall
Uwe Oelfke

Funding

Cancer Research UK 19727Cancer Research UK 19908Cancer Research UK 21993Cancer Research UK A21993Cancer Research UK C20892/A23557Cancer Research UK C33589/A19727Cancer Research UK C33589/A19908
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Radiotherapy (RT) aims to deliver a spatially conformal dose of radiation to tumours while maximizing the dose sparing to healthy tissues. However, the internal patient anatomy is constantly moving due to respiratory, cardiac, gastrointestinal and urinary activity. The long term goal of the RT community to 'see what we treat, as we treat' and to act on this information instantaneously has resulted in rapid technological innovation. Specialized treatment machines, such as robotic or gimbal-steered linear accelerators (linac) with in-room imaging suites, have been developed specifically for real-time treatment adaptation. Additional equipment, such as stereoscopic kilovoltage (kV) imaging, ultrasound transducers and electromagnetic transponders, has been developed for intrafraction motion monitoring on conventional linacs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been integrated with cobalt treatment units and more recently with linacs. In addition to hardware innovation, software development has played a substantial role in the development of motion monitoring methods based on respiratory motion surrogates and planar kV or Megavoltage (MV) imaging that is available on standard equipped linacs. In this paper, we review and compare the different intrafraction motion monitoring methods proposed in the literature and demonstrated in real-time on clinical data as well as their possible future developments. We then discuss general considerations on validation and quality assurance for clinical implementation. Besides photon RT, particle therapy is increasingly used to treat moving targets. However, transferring motion monitoring technologies from linacs to particle beam lines presents substantial challenges. Lessons learned from the implementation of real-time intrafraction monitoring for photon RT will be used as a basis to discuss the implementation of these methods for particle RT.

Indexed as

HumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMotionNeoplasmsProton TherapyRadiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted

Identifiers

PMID31226704
PMCPMC7655120

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.