ArticleEnvironment international2019
Airborne mammary carcinogens and breast cancer risk in the Sister Study.
Article in Environment international, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Pollution on Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Focus on Air Pollution.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Pooled it
- Breast Cancer Risk in Association with Atmospheric Pollution Exposure: A Meta-Analysis of Effect Estimates Followed by a Health Impact Assessment.Environmental health perspectives · 2021Pooled it
- Exposure to Industrial Air Toxics and Risk of Breast Cancer in California: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.Journal of occupational and environmental medicine · 2026Article
- Residential proximity to national priorities list superfund sites is associated with increased likelihood of metastatic breast cancer presentation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Industrial Air Emissions and Breast Cancer Incidence in a United States-wide Prospective Cohort.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Social-Environmental Burden Is Associated with Increased Colorectal Cancer Mortality in Metropolitan Detroit.Cancer research communications · 2025Article
- Carcinogenic air pollutants and breast cancer risk in the Arkansas rural community health study: A nested case-control study.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2025Article
- Review
- Carcinogenic industrial air pollution and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in the National Institutes of Health AARP Diet and Health Study.Environment international · 2024Article
- Exposure to outdoor ambient air toxics and risk of breast cancer: The multiethnic cohort.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2024Article
- Air quality and cancer risk in the All of Us Research Program.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2024Article
- Application of the Key Characteristics Framework to Identify Potential Breast Carcinogens Using Publicly AvailableEnvironmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Confronting allergies: strategies for combating pollution and safeguarding our health.Frontiers in allergy · 2024Review
- Research Recommendations for Selected IARC-Classified Agents: Impact and Lessons Learned.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Review
- Outdoor air pollution and histologic composition of normal breast tissue.Environment international · 2023Article
- Air pollution and breast cancer risk in the Black Women's Health Study.Environmental research · 2021Article
- Therapeutic effect of Aegle marmelos fruit extract against DMBA induced breast cancer in rats.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Outdoor air pollution and cancer: An overview of the current evidence and public health recommendations.CA: a cancer journal for clinicians · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionPotentially carcinogenic hazardous air pollutants (air toxics) have been inconsistently associated with breast cancer. Whether metabolic factors modify these associations is unknown. We studied 29 non-metallic air toxics classified as mammary gland carcinogens in animal studies in relation to breast cancer risk.
methodsParticipants included 49,718 women from the Sister Study. Census tract air toxic concentration estimates from the 2005 National Air Toxics Assessment were linked to enrollment residential addresses. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for individual air toxics were estimated using Cox regression. Body mass index (BMI) was considered a potential modifier. Relevant mixtures were identified using classification trees.
resultsOver follow-up (average = 8.4 years), 2975 women were newly diagnosed with breast cancer (invasive or ductal carcinoma in situ). Several air toxics, including methylene chloride, polycyclic organic matter, propylene dichloride, and styrene, were associated with increased risk. Of these, methylene chloride was most consistently associated with risk across multiple analyses. It was associated with overall (HR
conclusionsSome non-metallic air toxics, particularly methylene chloride, were associated with the hazard for overall and ER+ breast cancer. Overweight/obese women may be particularly susceptible to air toxics.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.