ArticleNeuroImage2019
A guide to group effective connectivity analysis, part 2: Second level analysis with PEB.
Article in NeuroImage, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 229 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
229 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Major depressive disorder associated alterations in the effective connectivity of the face processing network: a systematic review.Translational psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Targeting auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia: effective connectivity changes induced by low-frequency rTMS.Translational psychiatry · 2024Trial
- Triple network model of brain connectivity changes related to adverse mood effects in an oral contraceptive placebo-controlled trial.Translational psychiatry · 2023Trial
- Rostral anterior cingulate network effective connectivity in depressed adolescents and associations with treatment response in a randomized controlled trial.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Trial
- Neuroimaging correlates and predictors of response to repeated-dose intravenous ketamine in PTSD: preliminary evidence.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2021Trial
- Amygdala and Insula Connectivity Changes Following Psychotherapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Biological psychiatry · 2021Trial
- Effective connectivity in cortical and subcortical visual fear processing networks during fearful face viewing in body dysmorphic disorder.Research square · 2026Article
- Being praised and criticized in adolescents and adults: Age-related changes in neural responses to social evaluations.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Inter-network Effective Connectivity During an Emotional Working Memory Task in Two Independent Samples of Young Adults.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2026Article
- Psychedelics align brain activity with context.Nature · 2026Article
- Computational mechanisms of learning and forgetting differentiate affective and substance use disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Distinct Brain Drivers and Shared Cerebello-Cortical Input in ADCY5 and SGCE Hyperkinetic Movements.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2026Article
- Writing Increases Precision-Weighted Inference of Conceptual Organization: A Bayesian-Brain Active-Inference Model of the Writing-over-Speaking Advantage in Analytic Thinking.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Functional and effective connectivity disruptions of the dopaminergic reward circuit in multiple sclerosis patients with depression.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2026Article
- Disruption of temporo-parietal network in Alzheimer's disease and its association with memory impairment.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Observational
- Article
- Dopamine Compensates for Amyloid-Induced Default Mode Network Dysfunction to Support Learning.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Restoring Synaptic Balance in Schizophrenia: Insights From a Thalamo-Cortical Conductance-Based Model.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Abnormal effective connectivity of default mode network subsystems affects depressive symptoms and sleep disturbances in adolescents with internet gaming disorder.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Altered effective connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and caudate in children with overweight and obesity.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Article
169 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This paper provides a worked example of using Dynamic Causal Modelling (DCM) and Parametric Empirical Bayes (PEB) to characterise inter-subject variability in neural circuitry (effective connectivity). It steps through an analysis in detail and provides a tutorial style explanation of the underlying theory and assumptions (i.e, priors). The analysis procedure involves specifying a hierarchical model with two or more levels. At the first level, state space models (DCMs) are used to infer the effective connectivity that best explains a subject's neuroimaging timeseries (e.g. fMRI, MEG, EEG). Subject-specific connectivity parameters are then taken to the group level, where they are modelled using a General Linear Model (GLM) that partitions between-subject variability into designed effects and additive random effects. The ensuing (Bayesian) hierarchical model conveys both the estimated connection strengths and their uncertainty (i.e., posterior covariance) from the subject to the group level; enabling hypotheses to be tested about the commonalities and differences across subjects. This approach can also finesse parameter estimation at the subject level, by using the group-level parameters as empirical priors. The preliminary first level (subject specific) DCM for fMRI analysis is covered in a companion paper. Here, we detail group-level analysis procedures that are suitable for use with data from any neuroimaging modality. This paper is accompanied by an example dataset, together with step-by-step instructions demonstrating how to reproduce the analyses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.