ArticleExperimental eye research2019
Is sex a biological variable in corneal wound healing?
Article in Experimental eye research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-based differences in ocular trauma: a systematic review with narrative synthesis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Comparison of the visual and optical outcomes after different corneal refractive surgeries for asymmetric corneal astigmatism.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- An Initial Assessment of Rabbit Cornea as a Biomarker of Trace-Element Load in Commercial Animal Production.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Myogenic Differentiation (MyoD) Gene Expression in Cornea and Role in Corneal Myofibroblast Dedifferentiation.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Long-Term Tolerability and Safety of AAV5-Id3 Gene Therapy to Eyes.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Article
- Transforming corneal alkali burn treatment: unveiling mechanisms and pioneering therapies from bench to bedside.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Mitochondria Transplantation Promotes Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Review
- Animal Models for Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency: A Critical Narrative Literature Review.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2024Review
- Analysis of Smad3 in the modulation of stromal extracellular matrix proteins in corneal scarring after alkali injury.Molecular vision · 2024Article
- Biocompatibility and Transplantation Efficacy of the C-Clear Artificial Cornea in a Rabbit Chemical Burn Model.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Conditional deletion of CD25 in the corneal epithelium reveals sex differences in barrier disruption.The ocular surface · 2023Article
- Novel Correlation between TGF-β1/-β3 and Hormone Receptors in the Human Corneal Stroma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Toxicological effects of ocular acrolein exposure to eyelids in rabbits in vivo.Experimental eye research · 2023Article
- Characterization of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 in the cornea and role in the inflammatory response after corneal injury.Experimental eye research · 2023Article
- Corneal fibrosis abrogation by a localized AAV-mediated inhibitor of differentiation 3 (Id3) gene therapy in rabbit eyes in vivo.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2022Article
- Unravelling Novel Roles of Salivary Exosomes in the Regulation of Human Corneal Stromal Cell Migration and Wound Healing.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Sex Hormones, Growth Hormone, and the Cornea.Cells · 2022Review
- Six-Month In Vivo Safety Profiling of Topical Ocular AAV5-Decorin Gene Transfer.Translational vision science & technology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Wound healing differs significantly between men and women in a tissue-dependent manner. Dermal wounds heal faster in women whereas mucosal wounds heal faster in men. However, the effect of sex as a variable in corneal wound healing is largely unknown. The primary objective of this study was to test whether sex is a biological variable in corneal wound healing activated by the trauma or injury using an established in vivo rabbit model with male and female New Zealand White rabbits. Corneal wounds in rabbits were produced by a single topical alkali (0.5N Sodium hydroxide) application. Serial slit-lamp, stereo biomicroscopy, and applanation tonometry evaluated corneal opacity, anterior segment ocular health, and intraocular pressure (IOP), respectively, at various times during the study. Fourteen days after alkali-wound, corneal tissues were collected after humane euthanasia to examine cellular and molecular wound healing parameters. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) and immunofluorescence were used to quantify changes in the extracellular modeling protein levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), Fibronectin (FN), Collagen-I (Col-I), and Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) involved in corneal healing. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining was used to study histopathological changes in morphology and TUNEL assay to evaluate levels of apoptotic cell death. Male and female rabbits showed no significant differences in corneal opacity (Fantes score) or intraocular pressure (IOP) values (9.5 ± 0.5 mm Hg) in live animals. Likewise, no statistically significant sex-based differences in the mRNA levels of α-SMA (male = 5.95 ± 0.21 fold vs. female = 5.32 ± 0.043), FN (male = 3.02 ± 0.24 fold vs. female = 3.23 ± 0.27), Col-I (male = 3.12 ± 0.37 fold vs. female = 3.31 ± 0.24), TGFβ1 (male = 1.65 ± 0.06 fold vs. female = 1.59 ± 0.053); and protein levels of α-SMA (male = 74.16 ± 4.6 vs. female = 71.58 ± 7.1), FN (male = 60.11 ± 4.6 vs. female = 57.41 ± 8.3), Col-I (male = 84.11 ± 2.8 vs. female = 84.55 ± 3.6), TGFβ1 (male = 11.61 ± 2.8 vs. female = 9.5 ± 3.04) were observed. Furthermore, H&E and TUNEL analyses found no statistically significant differences in cellular structures and apoptosis, respectively, in male vs. female corneas. Consistent with earlier reports, wounded corneas showed significantly increased levels of these parameters compared to the unwounded corneas. Our data suggest that sex is not a major biological variable during active early stages of corneal wound healing in rabbits in vivo.
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Registered trials
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