ArticlePharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior2019
Methylphenidate increases willingness to perform effort in adults with ADHD.
Article in Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02630017 (Motivated Behavior in Adults With and Without ADHD), which is not on this map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Motivated Behavior in Adults With and Without ADHD
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and the explore/exploit trade-off.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2021Trial
- Effects of repeated low-dose LSD on neuropsychological functioning in adults with ADHD: a randomized placebo-controlled study.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Dynamic modeling in neurocognitive frameworks of childhood ADHD: a review of inhibitory control and reward systems.Translational psychiatry · 2026Review
- Modulation of reward positivity and blink rate in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) during and following transcranial direct current stimulation.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Is poor control over thoughts and emotions related to a higher tendency to delay tasks? The link between procrastination, emotional dysregulation and attentional control.British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953) · 2025Article
- The experience of effort in ADHD: a scoping review.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Pharmacological characterisation of the effort for reward task as a measure of motivation for reward in male mice.Psychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Amphetamines Improve the Motivation to Invest Effort in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2023Article
- Preferential Choice to Exert Cognitive Effort in Children with ADHD: a Diffusion Modelling Account.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2023Article
- Is practice good enough? Retrieval benefits students with ADHD but does not compensate for poor encoding in unmedicated students.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Off-Label Medication: From a Simple Concept to Complex Practical Aspects.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- Using pharmacological manipulations to study the role of dopamine in human reward functioning: A review of studies in healthy adults.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2021Review
- Is it worth the effort?Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundA reduced willingness to perform effort based on the magnitude and probability of potential rewards has been associated with diminished dopamine function and may be relevant to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Here, we investigated the influence of ADHD status and methylphenidate on effort-based decisions. We hypothesized that ADHD participants would make fewer high-effort selections than non-ADHD subjects, and that methylphenidate would increase the number of high-effort selections. Furthermore, we hypothesized there would be associations among ADHD severity and methylphenidate-related changes in effort-based and attentional performance across all participants. METHODS AND
participantsADHD (n = 23) and non-ADHD (n = 23) adults completed the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task in which participants select between low-effort and high-effort options to receive monetary rewards at varying levels of reward magnitude and probability. A test of attentional performance was also completed.
resultsOverall, participants made more high-effort selections as potential reward magnitude and probability increased. ADHD participants did not make fewer high-effort selections than non-ADHD participants, but ADHD participants showed greater methylphenidate-related increases in high-effort selections. ADHD participants had worse attentional performance than non-ADHD participants. ADHD severity was associated with methylphenidate-related changes in high-effort selections, but not changes in attentional performance.
conclusionsThese results indicate that methylphenidate increases the willingness to perform effort in individuals with ADHD, possibly due to disorder-related motivational deficits. This provides support for theories of insufficient effort allocation among individuals with ADHD.
trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov Identifier, NCT02630017.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.