ArticlePloS one2019
Tobacco consumption and premenstrual syndrome: A case-control study.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Observational
- Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study on Prevalence and Awareness Among Medical Students.Cureus · 2025Article
- Dietary, Psychological and Lifestyle Factors Associated with Premenstrual Symptoms.International journal of women's health · 2022Article
- Trends in Research Related to Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder From 1945 to 2018: A Bibliometric Analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2021Article
- Premenstrual and menstrual changes reported after COVID-19 vaccination: The EVA project.Women's health (London, England)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo assess whether tobacco smoking is associated with Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and its most severe form, Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD).
designCase-control study with incident cases using the Spanish public healthcare system.
setting3 major public hospitals and one family counseling and planning center. POPULATION: Women consulting for troubles related to menstruation and for other motives such as screening for uterine cancer, contraception counseling or desire for pregnancy.
methodsLogistic regression.
main outcome measuresOdds Ratios of PMS and PMDD.
results285 incident PMS cases and 285 age-matched controls on the one hand, and 88 incident PMDD cases and 176 controls on the other hand participated in the study. The odds of premenstrual disorders was higher in current smokers compared with never smokers: Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.78, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.20-2.63 for PMS and OR = 2.92, 95%CI: 1.55-5.50 for PMDD. For PMS, women who smoke 1 to 5 cigarettes/day presented an OR = 2.82, 95%CI: 1.57-5.06 and those who smoke more than 15 cigarettes/day an OR = 2.52, 95%CI: 0.99-6.40. Compared to non-smokers, current and ex-smokers who smoked < 3 pack-years presented an OR = 1.79, 95%CI: 1.04-3.08 for PMS, and an OR = 3.06, 95%CI: 1.27-7.35 for PMDD. Smokers of 3 to 8 pack-years presented an OR = 2.34, 95%CI: 1.33-4.13 for PMS and OR = 3.56, 95%CI: 1.55-8.17 for PMDD. These results were confirmed by the exposure-effect curve obtained from a cubic spline model.
conclusionsThis study shows that smokers are more likely to develop PMS and PMDD.
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