ArticleMaternal & child nutrition2019
Promotions of breastmilk substitutes, commercial complementary foods and commercial snack products commonly fed to young children are frequently found in points-of-sale in Bandung City, Indonesia.
Article in Maternal & child nutrition, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Outcomes of implementing the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes as national laws: a systematic review.International breastfeeding journal · 2024Pooled it
- Factors Associated With Prelacteal Feeding of Commercial Milk Formula: An Analysis of Cohort Data From the BADUTA Study in Indonesia.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Trial
- Economic and environmental impacts of commercial milk formula in Indonesia: estimates and comparisons using the Cost of Not Breastfeeding, Green Feeding, and Mothers' Milk Tools.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Article
- Research on commercial milk formulas for young children: A scoping review.Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Article
- Toddler milk: a scoping review of research on consumption, perceptions, and marketing practices.Nutrition reviews · 2024Article
- Benchmarking the nutrient composition and labelling practices of commercially produced ready-to-eat purées and meals for older infants and young children across seven Southeast Asian countries.Maternal & child nutrition · 2023Article
- Breastfeeding and Infant Nutrition Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Parents.Turkish archives of pediatrics · 2022Article
- Countries' experiences scaling up national breastfeeding, protection, promotion and support programmes: Comparative case studies analysis.Maternal & child nutrition · 2022Article
- Exposure to marketing of breastmilk substitutes in Mexican women: Sources and scope.International breastfeeding journal · 2022Article
- Violations in the marketing of milks and complementary foods that compete with breastfeeding in Rio de Janeiro City, Brazil.Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo · 2022Article
- Marketing of commercial foods for infant and young children in Uruguay: sugary products, health cues on packages and fun social products on Facebook.Public health nutrition · 2021Article
- Sugar content and nutrient content claims of growing-up milks in Indonesia.Maternal & child nutrition · 2021Article
- Breastfeeding and breastmilk substitute use and feeding motivations among mothers in Bandung City, Indonesia.Maternal & child nutrition · 2021Article
- Commercially produced complementary foods in Bandung City, Indonesia, are often reported to be iron fortified but with less than recommended amounts or suboptimal forms of iron.Maternal & child nutrition · 2019Article
- Marketing and infant and young child feeding in rapidly evolving food environments.Maternal & child nutrition · 2019Article
- Promotions of breastmilk substitutes, commercial complementary foods and commercial snack products commonly fed to young children are frequently found in points-of-sale in Bandung City, Indonesia.Maternal & child nutrition · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Few studies have documented the marketing of commercial foods and beverages for infants and young children in West Java, Indonesia. To assess the prevalence of promotions at points-of-sale for commercially produced products commonly fed to young children in Bandung City, 43 small and large stores were visited in 2017. Promotions for breastmilk substitutes (BMS), commercially produced complementary foods (CPCF), and select types of commercial snack products were photographed and information recorded on promotion characteristics. There were 402 and 206 promotions observed with BMS and CPCF products, respectively. Sixteen promotions with BMS products for infants under 12 months were found in 42.9% of stores selling BMS, violating national regulations. Almost all BMS promotions (98.3%) included BMS products for ages 1 year and above ("growing-up milks"). Of all BMS products available for sale, half of all infant/follow-up formula and 77.2% of growing-up milks were promoted. CPCF were found in 97.7% of stores, and 81.0% of these stores had promotions; 70.5% of all available CPCF products were promoted. Of the 2,451 promotions observed for commercial snack products, 17.3% used promotional techniques targeting young children or caregivers. Joint-promotions were common, with BMS and CPCF marketed in combination with commercial snack products; 49.0% of BMS promotions were joint BMS-snack promotions, and 80.0% or more of infant/follow-up formula promotions included a commercial snack. Revising and enforcing infant food and beverage marketing regulations to ensure consistency with global standards are necessary to protect and promote optimal infant and young child feeding in Indonesia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.