ArticleMaternal & child nutrition2019
Energy intake from unhealthy snack food/beverage among 12-23-month-old children in urban Nepal.
Article in Maternal & child nutrition, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Dietary diversity and the triple burden of malnutrition among children aged 6-23 months in 62 low- and middle-income countries: an analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Unhealthy feeding practices in early childhood: prevalence and associated factors in Bangladesh.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Article
- Nutrient Composition and Health Information on the Labels of Commercially Produced Complementary Foods in Nepal.Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Article
- Nutrients of concern for older infants and young children in packaged food products available in Nepali retail stores.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2025Article
- Unhealthy food consumption and its determinants among children aged 6-23 months in Bangladesh: insights from the Demographic and Health Survey 2022.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Nutritional Status and Health Challenges Among Schoolchildren in Nepal's Solukhumbu Valley.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Use of Pictorial Recall Aids Modifies Dietary Assessment Results: Experiences from Quantitative 24-hour Dietary Recalls of Young Children in Nepal and Senegal.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Article
- Prevalence and determinants of unhealthy feeding practices among young children aged 6-23 months in five sub-Saharan African countries.PloS one · 2025Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of unhealthy food consumption among 6-23-month-old children in South Ethiopia; A community-based cross-sectional study.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Unhealthy food consumption and its determinants among children aged 6 to 23 months in sub-Saharan Africa: a multilevel analysis of the demographic and health survey.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Enhancing child dietary diversity through cooking demonstration and nutritional education in rural Lao PDR.Tropical medicine and health · 2024Article
- Benchmarking the nutrient composition and labelling practices of finger foods and snacks for older infants and young children across seven Southeast Asian countries.Maternal & child nutrition · 2023Article
- Unhealthy food consumption and its associated factors among infants and young children in Gondar city, northwest Ethiopia: a community based cross sectional study.BMC nutrition · 2023Article
- High unhealthy food and beverage consumption is associated with poor diet quality among 12-35-month-olds in Guédiawaye Department, Senegal.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Nutrition in Nepal: Three decades of commitment to children and women.Maternal & child nutrition · 2022Article
- Energy intake from unhealthy snack food/beverage among 12-23-month-old children in urban Nepal.Maternal & child nutrition · 2019Article
- Marketing and infant and young child feeding in rapidly evolving food environments.Maternal & child nutrition · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Unhealthy snack food and beverage (USFB) consumption among young children has been noted in many low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC), however, there is a lack of information on the contribution of these foods to children's diets in these contexts. This study describes the nutrient profiles and costs of snacks consumed by young children in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, and assesses the proportion of total energy intake from nonbreastmilk foods (%TEI-NBF) contributed by USFB and factors associated with high USFB consumption. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 745 randomly sampled primary caregivers of children aged 12-23 months. Of 239 unique snack foods and beverages consumed, 180 (75.3%) were classified as unhealthy based on nutrient profiling, with 158 of these being commercially branded. Median cost/100 kcal of USFB was lower as compared with healthy snacks. Ninety-one percent of children had consumed a USFB in the previous 24 hr, with these foods contributing a mean %TEI-NBF of 24.5 ± 0.7 among all children. Biscuits (10.8%), candy/chocolate (3.5%), and savoury snacks (3.4%) provided the largest %TEI-NBF. Children who were older, female, or from the poorest households had significantly higher odds of high USFB consumption, whereas children whose caregivers were of upper caste/ethnicity or had achieved tertiary education had lower odds of consumption than other children. To reduce USFB consumption, interventions should seek to further understand social/cultural drivers of feeding practices, target disadvantaged populations, and ensure caregivers are fully aware of the nutritional quality of food products they choose for their children.
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