ArticlePeerJ2019
Age at menarche and depression: results from the NHANES 2005-2016.
Article in PeerJ, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Age at menarche and depression: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of women's mental health · 2025Pooled it
- The association between age at menarche and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- Age at menarche and adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes: triangulating evidence from multivariable and Mendelian randomization analyses.International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- The relationship between menstrual issues and depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese adolescent female inpatients: a cross-sectional questionnaire-based investigation.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- eHealth Literacy and Adolescent Health in Japanese Female High School Students in Sendai: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR pediatrics and parenting · 2025Article
- The association between age at menarche and depression: a cross-sectional analysis of the TABARI cohort at enrollment phase.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Inflammatory burden index (IBI) and body roundness index (BRI) in gallstone risk prediction: insights from NHANES 2017-2020.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- Early Life Disadvantage and the Risk of Depressive Symptoms among Young Black Women.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- A study of association between early menarche and anxiety in undergraduate students.F1000Research · 2024Observational
- Causal associations between female reproductive behaviors and psychiatric disorders: a lifecourse Mendelian randomization study.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Associations between infant growth and pubertal onset timing in a multiethnic prospective cohort of girls.BMC pediatrics · 2022Article
- Association of body composition with pubertal timing in children and adolescents from Guangzhou, China.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Article
- Racial/Ethnic Differences in Age at Menarche and Lifetime Nonmedical Marijuana Use: Results from the NHANES 2005-2016.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2021Article
- Genetic analysis of endometriosis and depression identifies shared loci and implicates causal links with gastric mucosa abnormality.Human genetics · 2021Article
- Early life household intactness and timing of pubertal onset in girls: a prospective cohort study.BMC pediatrics · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe association between early age at menarche and depression among adolescent girls and adult women has been examined in many studies. However, inconsistent results and limitations such as small sample size, low generalizability, and measurement error exist. We aimed to address these issues to assess the association between age at menarche and depressive symptoms in a nationally representative sample of US women aged 18 years and older.
methodsWe used the 2005-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data with a total of 15,674 women aged 18 years and older included in our study. Logistic regression models were used after adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related factors.
resultsThe crude-adjusted model suggests that women with early age of menarche had 1.36 (95% CI [1.16-1.61]) times the odds of current depressive symptoms compared with the normal menarche group, after controlling for age, race/ethnicity, education, poverty income ratio (PIR) and marital status. In the fully-adjusted model, women with early menarche had 1.25 (95% CI [1.05-1.48]) times the odds of current depressive symptoms, after additionally adjusting for smoking status and body mass index (BMI). However, no significant difference was observed between the normal and late menarche groups.
conclusionFurther studies are warranted to determine the causal relationship and mechanisms between early menarche and increased risk of depression.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.