ArticleHeart and vessels2020
Effect of cigarette smoking on carotid artery atherosclerosis: a community-based cohort study.
Article in Heart and vessels, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Regional and demographic variations of Carotid artery Intima and Media Thickness (CIMT): A Systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- Carotid intima-media thickness in patients with hyperuricemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2021Pooled it
- Association between cigarette smoking and carotid intima-media thickness among young Saudi adults: a cross-sectional ultrasonographic study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Article
- The study on risk assessment of carotid plaques in the Northern Chinese population based on LASSO regression.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Cigarette smoking and perceived risk of cardiovascular disease in Iran.BMC public health · 2025Article
- An explainable CT-based machine learning model integrating carotid plaque and perivascular adipose tissue for predicting symptomatic plaques.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Determinants of Carotid Wall Echolucency in a Cohort of European High Cardiovascular Risk Subjects: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of IMPROVE Baseline Data.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- An integral perspective of canonical cigarette and e-cigarette-related cardiovascular toxicity based on the adverse outcome pathway framework.Journal of advanced research · 2023Review
- Effect of current smoking on ischemic events in patients with atrial fibrillation taking vitamin K antagonist.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2022Article
- Nomogram and Carotid Risk Score for Predicting Moderate or High Carotid Atherosclerosis among Asymptomatic Elderly Recycling Volunteers.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Review
- Radial artery lumen diameter and intima thickness in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm.JVS-vascular science · 2022Article
- Composite carotid intima-media thickness as a risk predictor of coronary heart disease in a selected population in Sri Lanka.PloS one · 2022Article
- Promoting analysis of real-world data: Prospects for preventive cardiology in Japan.Global health & medicine · 2021Review
- Gender differences in the risk factors associated with atherosclerosis by carotid intima-media thickness, plaque score, and pulse wave velocity.Heart and vessels · 2021Article
- Smoking among High School Students in Iran: A Meta-Analysis Study.Iranian journal of psychiatry · 2021Review
- Associations between smoking habits and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography as screening for coronary artery disease.Heart and vessels · 2021Article
- Assessment of Carotid Plaque Stability Using Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and Its Correlation With the Expression of CD147 and MMP-9 in the Plaque.Frontiers in computational neuroscience · 2021Article
- Role of QRS fragmentation in 12-lead surface ECG in prediction of isolated epicardial coronary artery ectasia and its anatomical distribution in patients without acute coronary syndromes.The Egyptian heart journal : (EHJ) : official bulletin of the Egyptian Society of Cardiology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is closely associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases. However, the relationship between cigarette smoking and subclinical atherosclerosis has not been fully studied. We sought to clarify the association between cigarette smoking and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in a general Japanese population. Among 1,209 participants who received a medical check-up with cardiovascular examination at our institution, 450 participants (37.2%) were smokers (including both past and current smokers). We evaluated cIMT as a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. The value of cIMT and rate of carotid plaque defined as IMT ≥ 1.1 mm did not differ between smokers and never smokers. However, the rate of carotid high-risk atheroma, defined as carotid artery atheroma including hypoechoic dominant and ulceration, was significantly higher among smokers than never smokers (30.4%, vs 23.6%, p = 0.009). Even after adjustment for covariates, cigarette smoking was independently associated with high-risk atheroma formation (odds ratio 1.384, 95% CI 1.019-1.880; p = 0.038). The value of cIMT and the rate of high-risk atheroma were significantly higher in smokers than never smokers in the subgroup of participants aged ≥ 60 years, whereas the rate of high-risk atheroma only was higher in smokers than never smokers in the subgroup of participants aged < 60 years. In conclusion, the development of high-risk carotid artery atheroma may precede the thickening of cIMT in cigarette smokers, which suggests the novel insight for the pathological mechanism underlying cardiovascular events and cigarette smoking.
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