ArticleNature communications2019
IL-33 drives group 2 innate lymphoid cell-mediated protection during Clostridium difficile infection.
Article in Nature communications, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 99 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
99 citing papers in PubMed, 137 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Phase variable colony morphotypes ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- High-fat diet rewires gut host-microbiota relationship to derive worse outcomes followingbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Bidirectional Crosstalk Between Intestinal Epithelium and Immune Microenvironment in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Immune Aspects of Clostridioides difficile Infection and Vaccine Development.Infectious disease clinics of North America · 2025Review
- 7-Ketodeoxycholic Acid Promotes Colonic Mucosal Healing by Inducing Calcium Release from Endoplasmic Reticulum via the TGR5-IP3R Pathway.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Sexual dimorphism in colon is mediated by an androgen-IL33Cell & bioscience · 2025Article
- From Cytokines to Biomarkers: Mapping the Immunopathology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Cells · 2025Review
- The interplay between host immunity andmBio · 2025Review
- The role of the enteric nervous system in the pathogenesis of Clostridioides difficile infection.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Review
- Citrobacter rodentium infection activates colonic lamina propria group 2 innate lymphoid cells.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Review
- IL-33 protects from recurrent C. difficile infection by restoration of humoral immunity.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Therapeutic activation of IL-22-producing innate lymphoid cells enhances host defenses to Clostridioides difficile infection.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Standard mouse diets lead to differences in severity in infectious and non-infectious colitis.mBio · 2025Article
- A designed synthetic microbiota provides insight to community function in Clostridioides difficile resistance.Cell host & microbe · 2025Article
39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) incidence has tripled over the past 15 years and is attributed to the emergence of hypervirulent strains. While it is clear that C. difficile toxins cause damaging colonic inflammation, the immune mechanisms protecting from tissue damage require further investigation. Through a transcriptome analysis, we identify IL-33 as an immune target upregulated in response to hypervirulent C. difficile. We demonstrate that IL-33 prevents C. difficile-associated mortality and epithelial disruption independently of bacterial burden or toxin expression. IL-33 drives colonic group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) activation during infection and IL-33 activated ILC2s are sufficient to prevent disease. Furthermore, intestinal IL-33 expression is regulated by the microbiota as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) rescues antibiotic-associated depletion of IL-33. Lastly, dysregulated IL-33 signaling via the decoy receptor, sST2, predicts C. difficile-associated mortality in human patients. Thus, IL-33 signaling to ILC2s is an important mechanism of defense from C. difficile colitis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.