Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31221636›Full record

ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2019

Prevalence of vaping and smoking among adolescents in Canada, England, and the United States: repeat national cross sectional surveys.

David Hammond, Jessica L Reid, Vicki L Rynard, Geoffrey T Fong, K Michael Cummings, Ann McNeill, Sara Hitchman, James F Thrasher, Maciej L Goniewicz, Maansi Bansal-Travers and 4 more

Erratum issued Registry-linked trialAbstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT04982978 (The Effectiveness of the Protection Motivation Theory in Reducing Vaping Behaviour in a Student Population), which is not on this map. Cited by 165 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
165citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04982978 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

The Effectiveness of the Protection Motivation Theory in Reducing Vaping Behaviour in a Student Population

TypeinterventionalSponsorWestern UniversityRan2021 to 2021Enrolled77ConditionsVaping Related DisorderArmsPMT Threat Appraisal, General Nutrition and Lifestyle
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

165 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  4. The prevalence of electronic cigarettes vaping globally: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2022
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105 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

David HammondSchool of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada dhammond@uwaterloo.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8197-6010
Jessica L ReidSchool of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
Vicki L RynardSchool of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
Geoffrey T FongDepartment of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
K Michael CummingsDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
Ann McNeillKing's College London, London, UK.
Sara HitchmanKing's College London, London, UK.
James F ThrasherDepartment of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
Maciej L GoniewiczDepartment of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, NY, USA.
Maansi Bansal-TraversDepartment of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, NY, USA.
Richard O'ConnorDepartment of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, NY, USA.
David LevyGeorgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA.
Ron BorlandCancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Christine M WhiteSchool of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo examine differences in vaping and smoking prevalence among adolescents in Canada, England, and the United States.

designRepeat cross sectional surveys.

settingOnline surveys in Canada, England, and the US.

participantsNational samples of 16 to 19 year olds in 2017 and 2018, recruited from commercial panels in Canada (n=7891), England (n=7897), and the US (n=8140).

main outcome measuresPrevalence of vaping and smoking was assessed for use ever, in the past 30 days, in the past week, and on 15 days or more in the past month. Use of JUUL (a nicotine salt based electronic cigarette with high nicotine concentration) and usual vaping brands were also assessed. Logistic regression models examined differences in vaping and smoking between countries and over time.

resultsThe prevalence of vaping in the past 30 days, in the past week, and on 15 days or more in the past month increased in Canada and the US between 2017 and 2018 (P<0.001 for all), including among non-smokers and experimental smokers, with no changes in England. Smoking prevalence increased in Canada (P<0.001 for all measures), with modest increases in England, and no changes in the US. The percentage of ever vapers who reported more frequent vaping increased in Canada and the US (P<0.01 for all), but not in England. The use of JUUL increased in all countries, particularly the US and Canada-for example, the proportion of current vapers in the US citing JUUL as their usual brand increased threefold between 2017 and 2018.

conclusionsBetween 2017 and 2018, among 16 to 19 year olds the prevalence of vaping increased in Canada and the US, as did smoking in Canada, with little change in England. The rapidly evolving vaping market and emergence of nicotine salt based products warrant close monitoring.

Indexed as

AdolescentCanadaCross-Sectional StudiesEnglandFemaleHumansMalePrevalenceSmokingUnited StatesVapingYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID31221636
PMCPMC6582265

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.