ArticleBMC pulmonary medicine2019
Diagnostic accuracy of a velcro sound detector (VECTOR) for interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis patients: the InSPIRAtE validation study (INterStitial pneumonia in rheumatoid ArThritis with an electronic device).
Article in BMC pulmonary medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- The global prevalence of interstitial lung disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Rheumatology international · 2025Pooled it
- 2023 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) Guideline for the Screening and Monitoring of Interstitial Lung Disease in People with Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases.Arthritis care & research · 2024Guideline
- 2023 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) Guideline for the Screening and Monitoring of Interstitial Lung Disease in People with Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Guideline
- Methotrexate and rheumatoid arthritis associated interstitial lung disease.The European respiratory journal · 2021Pooled it
- Development of a Physician-Independent Screening for Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: A Case-Control and Cohort Study.Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases · 2026Article
- Clinical Factors Associated with hrCT-Confirmed Interstitial Lung Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Retrospective Case-Control Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Early detection and risk stratification in autoimmune-related interstitial lung disease: a state-of-the-art review.Respiratory research · 2026Review
- Artificial Intelligence Enabled Lung Sound Auscultation in the Early Diagnosis and Subtyping of Interstitial Lung Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- A multi-biomarker machine learning approach for early prediction of interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Research progress on complications of rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Validation of "Clinical Red Flags" for RA-ILD in an Italian cohort.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Moving forward in Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease Screening.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- The Burden of Interstitial Lung Involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Could Lung Ultrasound Have a Role in Its Detection? A Literature Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Usefulness of Lung Ultrasound as a Method for Early Diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Disease in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.Open access rheumatology : research and reviews · 2024Article
- The usual Interstitial pneumonia pattern in autoimmune rheumatic diseases.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2023Review
- Clinical prediction models of rheumatoid arthritis and its complications: focus on cardiovascular disease and interstitial lung disease.Arthritis research & therapy · 2023Review
- Digital Pulmonology Practice with Phonopulmography Leveraging Artificial Intelligence: Future Perspectives Using Dual Microwave Acoustic Sensing and Imaging.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Deep learning diagnostic and severity-stratification for interstitial lung diseases and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in digital lung auscultations and ultrasonography: clinical protocol for an observational case-control study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2023Article
- Optimizing Screening for Early Disease Detection in Familial Pulmonary Fibrosis (FLORIS): A Prospective Cohort Study Design.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Recent Advances in Basic and Clinical Aspects of Rheumatoid Arthritis-associated Interstitial Lung Diseases.Journal of rheumatic diseases · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInterstitial lung disease (ILD) is a severe systemic manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) represents the gold standard for the diagnosis of ILD, but its routine use for screening programs is not advisable because of both high cost and X-ray exposure. Velcro crackles at lung auscultation occur very early in the course of interstitial pneumonia, and their detection is an indication for HRCT. Recently, we developed an algorithm (VECTOR) to detect the presence of Velcro crackles in pulmonary sounds and showed good results in a small sample of RA patients. The aim of the present investigation was to validate the diagnostic accuracy of VECTOR in a larger population of RA patients, compared with that of the reference standard of HRCT, from a multicentre study.
methodsTo avoid X-ray exposure, we enrolled 137 consecutive RA patients who had recently undergone HRCT. Lung sounds of all patients were recorded in 4 pulmonary fields bilaterally with a commercial electronic stethoscope (ES); subsequently, all HRCT images were blindly evaluated by a radiologist, and audio data were analysed by means of VECTOR.
resultsFifty-nine of 137 patients showed ILD (43.1%). VECTOR correctly classified 115/137 patients, showing a diagnostic accuracy of 83.9% and a sensitivity and specificity of 93.2 and 76.9%, respectively.
conclusionsVECTOR may represent the first validated tool for the screening of RA patients who are suspected for ILD and who should be directed to HRCT for the diagnosis. Moreover, early identification of RA-ILD could contribute to the design of prospective studies aimed at elucidating unclear aspects of the disease.
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